Table 3.

Flow parameters for multiple particle simulations with variable volume fraction ϕ, ρ_p/ρ_f = 2 (Fr = 1) and turbulent forcing as case Re30 of table 1. Where ⟨ ⟩ indicates an average over the particles.

N p	ϕ (%)	⟨vz⟩	$\langle {\dot{\theta }}_y\rangle$	Reλ	u rms	ε	${\overline{\omega }}_z/{\sigma }_{{\omega }_z}$
0	0	–	–	33.9	0.27	7.5 × 10−3	0.00
1	0.05	−1.18	−0.17	31.9	0.27	8.0 × 10−3	−0.43
5	0.25	−1.17	−0.17	29.5	0.29	1.2 × 10−2	−0.86
10	0.50	−1.14	−0.17	28.1	0.30	1.6 × 10−2	−1.21
20	1.00	−1.10	−0.16	24.4	0.31	2.5 × 10−2	−1.59
40	2.00	−1.03	−0.16	22.9	0.34	4.0 × 10−2	−1.67