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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Oct 15.
Published in final edited form as: Cities Health. 2020 Sep 10;5(3):298–319. doi: 10.1080/23748834.2020.1800161

Table 3. Assumptions on energy use in dwellings.

Category Usage Carbon Intensity
Cooking 13.3 kg LPG per month per household in all settlement types (D’Sa and Murthy 2004), assuming
a calorific content of 45,750 kJ/kg (Natarajan et al. 2008)		 0.2147 kg CO2 per kWh (Carbon Trust 2011)
Lighting Estimated from (TERI 2007) to be:
Bedrooms – 60 W bulbs 2hrs/day
Living rooms 60 W bulbs 5hrs/day
Bathrooms 55 W tube lighting 2hrs/day
Kitchens 55 W tube lighting 2hrs/day		 0.943 kG CO2 per kWh was assumed (IEA 2007)
Appliances 120 W TVs was calculated in all settlements 5hrs/day (TERI 2007)
200 W refrigerator was assumed to be always on (TERI 2007)
Cooling Fans (60 W) turned on in all dwellings when hourly external temperatures exceed 26.2°C during occupied hours in bedrooms and living rooms (Indraganti 2011). The external temperature was taken from a typical weather file for the location of Delhi, commonly used for building simulation (Indian Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers)
Air coolers (200 W) (used in unauthorised and urban villages) and A/C units (1750 W) (used in planned) turned on when external temperatures exceed 28.5 and 31.3°C respectively in occupied bedrooms and living rooms (Indraganti 2011)