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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Oct 15.
Published in final edited form as: Cities Health. 2020 Sep 10;5(3):298–319. doi: 10.1080/23748834.2020.1800161

Table 7. Estimated household health hazard risks final rating (SO,H), with red denoting highest risk hazards and green lowest risk hazards (with modal responses of Low, Medium, High and Severe for the likelihood of occurrence, O, and expected harm, H, noted in subscript).

Hazard Settlement type
Planned Urban villages Unauthorised JJ Clusters
Physiological requirements: Hygrothermal conditions, pollutants
1 Damp & mould 4M,M 6H,M 4M,M 6H,M
2 Heat 6M,H 9H,H 6M,H 12S,H
3 Cold 6M,H 9H,H 6M,H 9H,H
4 Particulate matter 9H,H 9H,H 9H,H 16S,S
5 Asbestos 3L,H 3L,H 3L,H 6M,H
6 Biocides 2L,M 2L,M 2L,M 2L,M
7 CO and combustion products 4M,M 4M,M 4M,M 4M,M
8 Uncombusted LPG 2L,M 2L,M 2L,M 2L,M
9 Lead 2L,M 2L,M 4M,M 4M,M
10 Radon 3L,H 3L,H 3L,H 3L,H
11 VOCs 4M,M 1L,L 1L,L 1L,L
Psychological impacts: Space, security, light & noise
12 Overcrowding 2L,M 6H,M 6H,M 6H,M
13 Entry by intruders 2L,M 2L,M 2L,M 2L,M
14 Inadequate lighting 1L,L 2M,L 2M,L 3H,L
15 Noise 2L,M 4M,M 4M,M 6H,M
Infections: Hygiene, sanitation & water supply
16 Vector-borne disease 2L,M 6M,H 6M,H 9H,H
17 Domestic hygiene 2L,M 6H,M 4M,M 6H,M
18 Food safety 2L,M 4M,M 4M,M 6H,M
19 Personal hygiene, sanitation and drainage 2L,M 6H,M 4M,M 6H,M
20 Water supply 2L,M 6H,M 6H,M 9H,H
Accidents: Falls, electric shocks, fires, burns & scalds, collisions, cuts & strains
21 Falls baths 1L,L 1L,L 1L,L 1L,L
22 Falls level surfaces 1L,L 2M,L 2M,L 2M,L
23 Falls on stairs 3L,H 4M,M 6M,H 6M,H
24 Falls between levels 2L,M 6M,H 3L,H 4M,M
25 Electrical shocks 2L,M 4M,M 4M,M 6H,M
26 Fire 3L,H 6M,H 3L,H 6M,H
27 Flames, hot surfaces 2L,M 4M,M 4M,M 6H,M
28 Collision, and entrapment 2L,M 2L,M 2L,M 2L,M
29 Explosions 4L,S 4L,S 4L,S 4L,S
30 Position and operability of amenities 1L,L 1L,L 1L,L 1L,L
31 Structural collapse and falling elements 3L,H 6M,H 3L,H 6M,H