Surface modification by self-assembled peptides particles. a) Peptide nanowires array formed after treating FF with pentafluoroaniline. A water contact angle shown in the inset indicates the formation of a superhydrophobic surface. Reproduced with permission.[80] Copyright 2009, RSC. b) Surface patterning using nanofibers of PAs, including holes, channels, and posts. Reproduced with permission.[82] Copyright 2009, RSC. c) Hexagonal monolayer arrangement of self-assembled Boc–Phe–Phe–Phe bio-nanospheres as fabrication patterning masks. Reproduced with permission.[83] Copyright 2010, Wiley-VCH.