Figure 4.

Tungsten isotope composition (μ¹⁸²W) of the silicate Moon as a function of the lunar Hf/W ratio and formation age. Low-Ti mare basalts proxy for the range of the BSM Hf/W. The intersection with the mean reported BSM pre-exposure μ¹⁸²W provides the age interval at which the Moon must have formed to explain its μ¹⁸²W difference to Earth by in-situ decay of ¹⁸²Hf. The aggregated μ¹⁸²W is from ref. 18. The starting age of the curves (37 Myrs) is taken from ref. 23, as core formation ages from protracted core formation or incomplete equilibration models yield a younger age than this.