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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Dec 9.
Published in final edited form as: Gastroenterology. 2020 Nov 14;160(4):1224–1239.e30. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.11.011

Figure 2. GREM1 and ISLR expression levels are associated with poor and favorable prognosis in patients with CRC, respectively.

Figure 2

(A, B) ISH for GREM1 and ISLR using human rectal samples. (A) Representative images. Yellow dotted lines indicate the borders between the lamina propria (LP) and muscularis mucosa (MM). Green, blue, and red arrowheads denote GREM1 or ISLR expression in the normal mucosa, adenoma, and adenocarcinoma, respectively. (B) Violin plots depicting GREM1 and ISLR ISH signal+ areas in the stroma. Three high-power fields (400×) per patient: 11 patients with normal mucosa, 3 with adenoma, and 11 with adenocarcinoma. Solid black lines indicate the median; dotted black lines indicate quartiles. (C, D) ISH analysis of 53 human primary rectal cancer surgical samples. (C) Representative images. Cases with a score of ≥3 and a score of ≥2 were defined as GREM1-high and ISLR-high, respectively. (D) Kaplan-Meier survival curves. (E) Kaplan-Meier survival curves in expression microarray data from 556 patients with primary colon cancer. Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn post hoc multiple comparisons (B) and log rank test (D and E). Scale bars, 50 μm.