Figure 1. Participant Enrollment and Proportion with Cognitive Motor Dissociation.

Of 478 participants in the REDCap database, 353 were assessed with the CRS-R and with at least one command-following paradigm on fMRI or EEG within 7 days. Cognitive motor dissociation was observed in 25% of participants with no observable evidence of command-following (i.e., behavioral diagnosis of coma/vegetative state, [unconscious], or minimally conscious state minus [minimally conscious state without command-following], left branch). In participants with observable command-following (i.e., behavioral diagnosis of minimally conscious state plus [minimally conscious state with command-following] or emerged from minimally conscious state, right branch), a response to task-based fMRI or EEG was not detected in more than 60%. “+fMRI or +EEG” indicates that at least one assessment (either fMRI or EEG regardless of whether participants had one or both of these assessments) was positive. “-fMRI and -EEG” indicates that for participants with fMRI only, the fMRI assessment was negative; for participants with EEG only, the EEG assessment was negative; for participants with both fMRI and EEG, both assessments were negative.

Abbreviations: CRS-R Coma Recovery Scale-Revised, EEG electroencephalography, fMRI functional magnetic resonance imaging