Table 2. Demographics, Clinical Characteristics, and fMRI/EEG Results in Participants Without Observable Command-following.
| Variable | All Participants Without Observable Command-following N=241a |
+fMRI or +EEG (i.e., cognitive motor dissociation) N=60 |
-fMRI and -EEG N=181 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnosis (based on the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised), no. (%) |
|||
| 140 (58.1%) | 28 (46.7%) | 112 (61.9%) | |
| Unconscious (coma/vegetative state) | 101 (41.9%) | 32 (53.3%) | 69 (38.1%) |
| Minimally conscious state minus | |||
| Assessed with fMRI only no. (%) | 61 (25.3%) | 11 (18.3%) | 50 (27.6%) |
| Assessed with EEG only no. (%) | 101 (41.9%) | 13 (21.7%) | 88 (48.6%) |
| Assessed with fMRI and EEG no. (%) | 79 (32.8%) | 36 (60.0%) | 43 (23.8%) |
| Age at injury, median [IQR] | 40.2 [15.0] | 30.5 [20.4] | 45.3 [32.6] |
| Sex no. (%) | |||
| Male | 146 (60.6%) | 39 (65.0%) | 107 (59.1%) |
| Female | 93 (38.6%) | 21 (35.0%) | 72 (39.8%) |
| Missing | 2 (0.8%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (1.1%) |
| Months between injury and Coma Recovery Scale-Revised assessment, median [IQR] | 6.3 [16.3] | 10.7 [20.6] | 4.3 [13.8] |
| < 28 days post injury/illness no. (%) | 72 (29.9%) | 12 (20.0%) | 60 (33.1%) |
| ≥ 28 days post injury/illness no. (%) | 169 (70.1) | 48 (80.0%) | 121 (66.9%) |
| Etiology no. (%) | |||
| Traumatic brain injury | 108 (44.8%) | 39 (65.0%) | 69 (38.1%) |
| Cardiac arrest/anoxia | 45 (18.6%) | 4 (6.7%) | 41 (22.7%) |
| SAH, IVH, ICH, stroke, aneurysm | 48 (19.9%) | 9 (15.0%) | 39 (21.6%) |
| Other | 40 (16.6%) | 8 (13.3%) | 32 (17.7%) |
all proportions are calculated from the number of participants indicated in the column heading; for example, of 241 participants with a Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) behavioral diagnosis of coma or vegetative state (unconscious) or minimally conscious state minus (minimally conscious state without command-following), 140 (58.1%) were unconscious. “+fMRI or +EEG” indicates that at least one assessment (either fMRI or EEG regardless of whether participants had one or both of these assessments) was positive. “-fMRI and -EEG” indicates that for participants with fMRI only, the fMRI assessment was negative; for participants with EEG only, the EEG assessment was negative; for participants with both fMRI and EEG, both assessments were negative.
Abbreviations: ICH intracerebral hemorrhage; IVH intraventricular hemorrhage; EEG electroencephalography; fMRI functional magnetic resonance imaging; SAH subarachnoid hemorrhage