Table 3. Demographics, Clinical Characteristics, and fMRI/EEG Results in Participants With Observable Command-following.
| Variable | All Participants With Observable Command-following N=112a |
+fMRI or +EEG N=43 |
-fMRI and -EEG N=69 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnosis (based on the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised) no. (%) | 77 (68.8%) 35 (31.3%) |
26 (60.5%) 17 (39.5%) |
51 (73.9%) 18 (26.1%) |
| Minimally conscious state plus | |||
| Emerged from the minimally conscious state | |||
| Assessed with fMRI only no. (%) | 32 (28.6%) | 10 (23.3%) | 22 (31.9%) |
| Assessed with EEG only no. (%) | 37 (33.0%) | 8 (18.6%) | 29 (42.0%) |
| Assessed with fMRI and EEG no. (%) | 43 (38.4%) | 25 (58.1%) | 18 (26.1%) |
| Age at injury, median [IQR] | 33.8 [32.4] | 29.4 [24.7] | 38.6 [33.0] |
| Sex no. (%) | |||
| Male | 80 (71.4%) | 30 (69.8%) | 50 (72.5%) |
| Female | 32 (28.6%) | 13 (30.2%) | 19 (27.5%) |
| Months between injury and Coma Recovery Scale-Revised assessment, median [IQR] | 12.9 [45.3] | 12.6 [51.9] | 12.9 [40.7] |
| < 28 days post injury/illness no. (%) | 18 (16.1%) | 10 (23.3%) | 8 (11.6%) |
| ≥ 28 days post injury/illness no. (%) | 94 (83.9%) | 33 (76.7%) | 61 (88.4%) |
| Etiology no. (%) | |||
| Traumatic brain injury | 68 (60.7%) | 30 (69.8%) | 38 (55.1%) |
| Cardiac arrest/anoxia | 12 (10.7%) | 1 (2.3%) | 11 (15.9%) |
| SAH, IVH, ICH, stroke, aneurysm | 17 (15.2%) | 9 (20.9%) | 8 (11.6%) |
| Other | 15 (13.4%) | 3 (7.0%) | 12 (17.4%) |
all proportions are calculated from the number of participants indicated in the column heading; for example, of 112 patients with a Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) behavioral diagnosis of minimally conscious state plus (minimally conscious state with command-following) or emerged from the minimally conscious state, 77 (68.8%) had a CRS-R diagnosis of minimally conscious state plus. “+fMRI or +EEG” indicates that at least one assessment (either fMRI or EEG regardless of whether participants had one or both of these assessments) was positive. “-fMRI and -EEG” indicates that for participants with fMRI only, the fMRI assessment was negative; for participants with EEG only, the EEG assessment was negative; for participants with both fMRI and EEG, both assessments were negative.
Abbreviations: ICH intracerebral hemorrhage; IVH intraventricular hemorrhage; EEG electroencephalography; fMRI functional magnetic resonance imaging; SAH subarachnoid hemorrhage; TBI traumatic brain injury