Table 2.
Pre-existing diagnosed health conditions/lifestyle variables in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) versus comparison groups at baseline
| Variable | Males | Females | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males with ADHD n (%) | Comparison males n (%) | Baseline odds ratio for ADHD versus comparison group (95% CI) | Females with ADHD n (%) | Comparison females n (%) | Baseline odds ratio for ADHD versus comparison group (95% CI) | |
| Physical health condition | ||||||
| Diabetes | 359 (1.54) | 3067 (1.31) | 1.17 (1.05–1.31) | 248 (3.72) | 1655 (2.48) | 1.52 (1.32–1.74) |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 221 (0.95) | 1904 (0.81) | 1.16 (1.01–1.34) | 173 (2.60) | 1368 (2.05) | 1.27 (1.08–1.5) |
| Hypertension | 353 (1.51) | 2794 (1.20) | 1.27 (1.13–1.42) | 306 (4.59) | 2433 (3.65) | 1.27 (1.12–1.44) |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 88 (0.38) | 677 (0.29) | 1.30 (1.03–1.63) | 74 (1.11) | 489 (0.73) | 1.52 (1.17 - 1.95) |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 583 (2.49) | 4456 (1.91) | 1.32 (1.2–1.44) | 204 (3.06) | 1488 (2.23) | 1.38 (1.19–1.61) |
| Epilepsy | 789 (3.38) | 2662 (1.14) | 3.03 (2.8–3.29) | 255 (3.83) | 751 (1.13) | 3.49 (3.01–4.04) |
| Mental health/neurodevelopmental condition | ||||||
| Anxiety | 2628 (11.24) | 10 198 (4.36) | 2.78 (2.65–2.91) | 1461 (21.93) | 7026 (10.55) | 2.38 (2.24–2.54) |
| Depression | 3403 (14.56) | 12 237 (5.23) | 3.08 (2.96–3.21) | 2080 (31.22) | 9822 (14.74) | 2.63 (2.48–2.78) |
| SMI | 707 (3.02) | 1083 (0.46) | 6.70 (6.08–7.38) | 307 (4.61) | 383 (0.57) | 8.35 (7.15–9.76) |
| Self-harm/suicide | 2433 (10.41) | 4593 (1.96) | 5.80 (5.51–6.10) | 1265 (18.99) | 3086 (4.63) | 4.83 (4.49–5.18) |
| Autism | 2401 (10.27) | 2937 (1.26) | 9.00 (8.51–9.52) | 447 (6.71) | 217 (0.33) | 22.01 (18.61–26.03) |
| Intellectual disability | 1419 (6.07) | 2240 (0.96) | 6.68 (6.24–7.15) | 404 (6.06) | 391 (0.59) | 10.93 (9.47–12.63) |
| Personality disorder | 486 (2.08) | 407 (0.17) | 12.17 (10.64–13.93) | 302 (4.53) | 252 (0.38) | 12.51 (10.52–14.86) |
| Lifestyle variables | ||||||
| Smoking | 9397 (40.20) | 46 950 (20.08) | 2.67 (2.60–2.75) | 2812 (42.21) | 16 878 (25.33) | 2.15 (2.04–2.27) |
| Potentially harmful alcohol use | 1717 (7.34) | 8291 (3.55) | 2.16 (2.04–2.28) | 456 (6.84) | 2665 (4.00) | 1.76 (1.59–1.96) |
Note: SMI = severe mental illness.