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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Mar 31.
Published in final edited form as: Heart. 2025 Jun 13;111(13):618–625. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2024-324618

Table 4. Prevalence and odds ratio of the twenty most common non-cardiovascular health conditions in adults with atrial fibrillation compared to adults without atrial fibrillation.

Health condition Adults with
AF, n (%)
(N=34,338)
Adults without
AF, n (%)
(N=907,739)
Unadjusted OR
(95%CI)
OR adjusted for
age and sex
(95%CI)
OR adjusted for
age, sex and IMD
(95%CI)
Osteoarthritis 15120 (44.0) 126637 (14.0) 4.85 (4.75-4.96) 1.12 (1.10-1.15) 1.12 (1.09-1.15)
Chronic kidney
disease
13924 (40.5) 70064 (7.7) 8.15 (7.97-8.34) 1.92 (1.87-1.97) 1.91 (1.86-1.96)
Enthesopathies and
synovial disorders
12801 (37.3) 207303 (22.8) 2.01 (1.96-2.05) 0.85 (0.83-0.87) 0.85 (0.83-0.87)
Cataract 11649 (33.9) 63595 (7.0) 6.82 (6.65-6.98) 1.29 (1.25-1.32) 1.29 (1.25-1.32)
Other infection 10945 (31.9) 69300 (7.6) 5.66 (5.53-5.80) 3.18 (3.10-3.26) 3.16 (3.08-3.24)
Dermatitis (atopic/
contact/ other/
unspecified)
10629 (31.0) 235761 (26.0) 1.28 (1.25-1.31) 1.34 (1.31-1.38) 1.35 (1.31-1.38)
Raised cholesterol 10515 (30.6) 280223 (30.9) 0.99 (0.97-1.01) 0.36 (0.35-0.37) 0.36 (0.35-0.37)
Raised LDL (low-density
lipoprotein) cholesterol
9912 (28.9) 239899 (26.4) 1.13 (1.10-1.16) 0.44 (0.43-0.46) 0.45 (0.43-0.46)
Bacterial diseases (excluding tuberculosis) 9139 (26.6) 53800 (5.9) 5.76 (5.61-5.90) 2.64 (2.57-2.71) 2.62 (2.55-2.70)
Urinary tract infections 8453 (24.6) 40778 (4.5) 6.94 (6.76-7.13) 2.57 (2.50-2.65) 2.56 (2.49-2.63)
Acute kidney injury 8159 (23.8) 25371 (2.8) 10.84 (10.54-11.14) 2.76 (2.68-2.85) 2.76 (2.68-2.85)
Gastro oesophageal
reflux disease,
oesophagitis and
oesophageal ulcer
8102 (23.6) 109975 (12.1) 2.24 (2.18-2.30) 1.08 (1.05-1.11) 1.07 (1.04-1.10)
Hearing loss 8079 (23.5) 82363 (9.1) 3.08 (3.00-3.16) 1.33 (1.30-1.37) 1.33 (1.29-1.37)
Lower respiratory tract infections 7559 (22.0) 32827 (3.6) 7.52 (7.32-7.73) 2.84 (2.76-2.93) 2.84 (2.75-2.93)
Depression 7373 (21.5) 187762 (20.7) 1.05 (1.02-1.08) 0.95 (0.92-0.98) 0.93 (0.91-0.96)
Abdominal hernia 6437 (18.7) 67596 (7.4) 2.87 (2.79-2.95) 1.27 (1.23-1.31) 1.27 (1.23-1.31)
Hyperplasia of prostate 6195 (18.0) 32634 (3.6) 5.90 (5.73-6.08) 1.16 (1.12-1.21) 1.17 (1.12-1.21)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus 6629 (19.3) 51293 (5.7) 3.99 (3.88-4.11) 1.25 (1.21-1.28) 1.23 (1.20-1.27)
Anxiety disorders 5833 (17.0) 141632 (15.6) 1.11 (1.08-1.14) 1.02 (0.99-1.06) 1.01 (0.98-1.04)
Low HDL (high-density
lipoprotein)
cholesterol
5820 (16.9) 71571 (7.9) 2.38 (2.32-2.45) 1.33 (1.29-1.38) 1.32 (1.28-1.36)

AF= atrial fibrillation; CI= confidence interval; IMD= Index of Multiple Deprivation; OR= odds ratio.