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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Apr 2.
Published in final edited form as: Biomater Adv. 2024 Jan 12;158:213766. doi: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213766

Fig. 1. Representative images of nanotopographies from SEM and AFM.

Fig. 1

SEM (top panel) and AFM images (bottom panel) of TiO2 nanostructures of (a) control surface, (b) nanospikes (NS) and (C) nanonetwork (NN). (D) Summary table of quantified topography, roughness, and water contact angle of the surfaces.