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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Apr 2.
Published in final edited form as: Biomater Adv. 2024 Jan 12;158:213766. doi: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213766

Fig. 11. Response of hMSCs to 3D cpTi substrates after 24 h.

Fig. 11

hMSCs were cultured for 24 h on flat control (3 DC), 3DNS or 3DNN cpTi surfaces and observed via SEM (A-C), where the top panel represents low magnification. In the bottom panel high magnification images, white arrows on the 3DNS image indicate a significantly higher number of filopodia extending to the surface, a phenomenon not observed on 3 DC and 3DNN. Meanwhile, yellow arrows on the 3DNS surface point to areas where hMSCs seem to integrate within the nanonetwork, revealing visible “pockets”. Cell viability was measured by Alamar blue staining (D).