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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Apr 2.
Published in final edited form as: Biomater Adv. 2024 Jan 12;158:213766. doi: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213766

Fig. 2. Mechanical properties and permeability simulation study of the 3D cpTi substrate.

Fig. 2

(A) Mechanical characteristics of the 3D substrate compared to G50 substrate and cortical bone. SEM images of low (top) and high (bottom) magnification of (B) cpTi 3D control (3 DC) substrate, (C) 3D nanospikes (3DNS) substrate, and (D) 3D nanonetworks (3DNN) substrate. FEA analysis of the 3 DC substrate pore size distribution (E), von-Mises stress (F), fluid pressure simulation (G), and fluid velocity distribution (H).