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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Apr 2.
Published in final edited form as: Biomater Adv. 2024 Jan 12;158:213766. doi: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213766

Fig. 3. Metabolic activity of bacteria on 2D cpTi surfaces or in the surrounding suspension as measured by BTG assay after 3 h or 24 h incubation.

Fig. 3

(a,b) S. aureus, (c, d) E. coli and (e,f) P. aeruginosa. C, flat control; NS, nanospike; NN, nanonetwork. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 compared to control and other surfaces, as determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD post-hoc test; n = 3.