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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 May 12.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2023 Mar 30;617(7961):555–563. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-05948-2

Extended Data Table 2. Characteristics of cases and controls a) used in metagenomic and target enrichment analysis b) used in PCR analysis.

a
Cases - metagenomic & TE sequencing analysis
(n=9)
Controls
Group 1
DIAMONDS Healthy
(n=13)
P value* Group 2 DIAMONDS HAdV
infection with normal transaminases
(N=12)
P value*
Sex - male 4 (44.4) 10(76.9) 0.19 7 (58.3) 0.67
Age (years) 3.9 (3.4-5.1) 4.1 (3.6-4.8) 0.87 1.4(1.1-3.1) 0.0006
Recruitment period 14 March – 20 April 2022 6 Nov 2020 - 6 Jul 2021 - 22 May 2020 - 22 Dec 2021 -
b
Cases – PCR
(n=32)
Controls
Group 1
DIAMONDS Healthy
(n=13)
P value* Group 2
DIAMONDS HAdV infection with normal transaminases
(N=12)
P value* Group 3
DIAMONDS Elevated transaminases with no HAdV infection
(n=33)
P value* Group 4 Scottish hospitalised controls
(n=16)
P value*
Sex - male 11 (34.4) 10(76.9) 0.019 7 (58.3) 0.18 17(51.5) 0.21 - -
Age (years) 4.1 (2.7-5.5) 4.1 (3.6-4.8) 0.95 1.4(1.1-3.1) 0.0002 10.2(7-13.6) <0.0001 - -
Recruitment period 14 March – 20 August 2022 6 Nov 2020 - 6 Jul 2021 - 22 May 2020 - 22 Dec 2021 - 9 Sep 2020 - 8 Jan 2022 - 12 March - 4 April 2022 -
*

Fisher’s Exact or chi-squared test for categorical and Mann-Whitney (two-sided) test for continuous variables.

Age and sex of Group 4 controls unavailable.