Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 May 27.
Published before final editing as: Autism Adulthood. 2025 Apr 17:aut.2024.0307. doi: 10.1089/aut.2024.0307

Table 1. Summary of included studies.

Author
(Year)
Country
Setting Aim Recruitment Participants Factors
Impacting
Results
Data Collection Data Analysis ND Approach Funder Quality Rating
Cridland et al.
(2014)56
Australia
Not Specified To investigate experiences of adolescent
Autistic girls.
Through local schools and community
groups.
Mothers (n=5)
Daughters (n=3)
Formal
diagnosis
Semi-
structured interviews
IPA Person-first language
Use of “ASD”
Not
Specified
Y (10)
N (0)
CS (0)
H
Cummins, Pellicano and Crane (2018)57
UK
Not Specified To explore the puberty
experience of Autistic girls.
SEN school pupils. Parents (n=10)
Educators (n=10)
Minimally verbal
Autistic girls with IDs.
Semi-
structured interviews
Thematic analysis
(Braun and Clarke 2006)
Identity-first language Not
Specified
Y (8)
N (0)
CS (2)
H
Eriksen, W.T.
(2016)52
USA
Not Specified To explore the experience of menses for
Autistic females and families
Autism research databases Mothers (n=10)
Daughters (n=10)
Daughters “…able to read English at a 4th grade level” Semi-
structured interviews
Thematic Analysis
Braun and Clarke
(2006)
Person-First Language
‘On the
spectrum’ also used
University of Pennsylvania
School of Nursing Office of Nursing
Research
Y (9)
N (0)
CS (1) H
Gray and Durand
(2023)50
UK
Not Specified To explore
experiences of period pain and treatment
uptake in allistic and Autistic menstruators.
Social media (18+) Allistic (n=20)
Autistic (n=17)
Experience of period pain required
Self-
identifying accepted
Semi-
structured interviews
Thematic Analysis
Braun and Clarke
(2019)
“…menstruators on the autism
spectrum” (p.10)
Identity-first language.
None associated Y (10)
N (0)
CS (0) H
Grove et al.
(2023)51 Australia
Not Specified To understand the everyday experiences of autistic women and gender
diverse people and how these impact on their health and wellbeing
Social media, and related organisations.
(18+)
Autistic women and gender
diverse
people (n=31)
Aged 21-63.
White
European (77%)
Medical diagnosis
(83%)
Semi-
structured interviews
Thematic Analysis Braun and Clarke
(2019)
“Autistic led study” UTS
Chancellor’s Research Fellowship
Y (10)
N (0)
CS (0)
H
Jones and Datta
(2022)55
[Online]
Not Specified To tackle menstrual taboo and stigma Not Specified Not
Specified
Swedish business
Autistic authors
Not
Specified
Not
Specified
Identity-first language INTIMINA N/A
Kendall (2023)54
[Online]
N/A N/A N/A N/A Autistic and ADD authors Article N/A Identity first language N/A N/A
Mademtzi et al.
(2018)58
USA
Child Study Center Developmental Disabilities
Clinic.
To determine educational and therapeutic
needs and
activities for
Autistic girls and their families.
Contacted those
previously
diagnosed at clinic.
Parents of Autistic children
(n=40)
No exclusion criteria for: age, level
of support or co-occurring conditions.
Focus Groups (n=5) Thematic Analysis Person-first language Hilibrand Fellowship and Marilyn and Jim Simons Y (9)
N (0)
CS (1) H
Navot,
Jorgenson and Webb (2017)59
USA
Seattle Children’s Research Institute. To investigate the maternal experience of raising an
Autistic
daughter.
Identified from prior interest in research
participation
Mother daughter dyads
(n=11)
Medically diagnosed
“functional and fluent verbal
language”.
Semi-
structured interviews
“…An interactive process commonly used in a naturalistic inquiry.”
(p.538)
Person-first language
symptom presentation” (p.537)
“Supported by the Crown Family Foundation”
(p.543)
Y (9)
N (0)
CS (1) H
Ross
(2017)53
[Online]
N/A N/A N/A N/A Opinion piece Blog N/A Identity first language Autistic women; autistic girls. N/A N/A
Steward et al.
(2018)32
UK and Australia
Not Specified To understand both what
Autistic people wanted to know about menarche, and to discuss
autism-specific experiences
Website and social media Autistic (n=123)
Non- Autistic (n=114)
Autistics, parents,
professionals and siblings
Online Survey “Thematic analysis
(Braun and Clarke
2006).”
(p.4288)
Tools used unspecified
Identity-first language
Autistic researchers involved
Pears Foundation (RS) grant and a Philip Leverhulme Prize 2015 Y (9)
N (0)
CS (1) H
Whiting (2020)60
UK
University of Bolton Explore the experiences of
Autistic females including
puberty and
autism-specific features.
Word of mouth and social media Autistic people (n=11) Masters
dissertation
Semi-
structured interviews
Thematic Analysis
(Braun and Clarke,
2006).
Person first language
Author with Specific
Learning Difficulties
Not
Specified
Y (9)
N (0)
CS (1) H