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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Surv Ophthalmol. 2025 Jan 14;70(3):499–515. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.01.003

Table 1. Summary of different Exosome Isolation Techniques.

Technique Time
(min)		 Purity Yield Advantages Limitations
Ultracentrifugation (UC) 140−600 Moderate High Established, reliable for research Time-consuming, large sample volume, risk of damage to EVs
Size-Based Isolation (SEC) 15−130 High Moderate High purity, preserves exosome integrity Expensive, time-consuming
Immunoaffinity Capture 240 Very High Low Excellent for tissue-specific isolation Expensive, low throughput
Polyethylene-based Precipitation
(PEG) 		30−120 Low−Moderate High Simple, scalable, compatible with commercial kits Contamination risks, lower purity
Microfluidic Devices 30−120 High High Portable, rapid, minimal sample requirement Technical expertise needed, limited scalability and expensive.