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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Jul 8.
Published in final edited form as: Lancet Psychiatry. 2023 Sep 21;10(11):836–847. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(23)00257-2

Table 4. Provision of usual care.

THRIVE VR cognitive treatment (n=39) THRIVE VR mental relaxation (n=41)
Antipsychotic chlorpromazine equivalent mean dose, mg per day
Baseline 605·1 (447·7); n=38 (97%) 470·2 (314·2); n=37 (90%)
4 weeks 610·9 (454·3); n=38 (97%) 480·1 (308·6); n=37 (90%)
24 weeks 618·7 (418·3); n=37 (95%) 501·4 (318·0); n=38 (93%)
Patients who had a psychiatric hospital admission, n
24 weeks before baseline 2 (5%) 5 (12%)
0–4 weeks 0 0
4–24 weeks 2 (5%) 1 (2%)
Patients who had psychological therapy outside the trial, n
24 weeks before baseline 8 (21%) 6 (15%)
0–4 weeks 3 (8%) 1 (2%)
4–24 weeks 4 (10%) 7 (17%)
Number of hours of psychological therapy outside the trial
24 weeks before baseline 1·2 (2·9) 0·8 (2·5)
0–4 weeks 0·1 (0·5) 0·1 (0·3)
4–24 weeks 0·5 (2·4) 0·8 (2·0)
Number of psychiatrist appointments
24 weeks before baseline 1·1 (1·6); n=33 (85%) 1·9 (1·4); n=37 (90%)
0–24 weeks 1·2 (1·4); n=30 (77%) 1·3 (1·0); n=31 (76%)
Number of community psychiatric nurse appointments
24 weeks before baseline 7·6 (8·5); n=33 (85%) 5·8 (6·3); n=36 (88%)
0–24 weeks 6·5 (6·9); n=29 (74%) 6·9 (7·9); n=32 (78%)
Number of social worker appointments
24 weeks before baseline 0·7 (2·1); n=37 (95%) 1·8 (5·4); n=37 (90%)
0–24 weeks 0·6 (1·7); n=30 (77%) 1·8 (4·5); n=31 (76%)

Data are mean (SD), unless otherwise indicated. THRIVE=Therapeutic Realistic Immersive Virtual Environments. VR=virtual reality.