Figure 3. Stronger visual responses of L2/3 excitatory neurons at attended locations.

(A) An example cell with attentional modulation. Left, RFs mapped separately in BR and TL blocks. Right, calcium responses to each sparse noise stimulus within the RF in BR, TL, and passive blocks, and those averaged across all sparse noise stimuli for each block type. Shaded area, 68% CI of bootstrap estimate of the mean. p values were from bootstrap test and adjusted by the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure (FDR = 0.05).

(B) As in (A), another example cell.

(C) Attentional modulation index.

(D) Calculation of distance between an RF and BR/TL location.

(E) Response modulation by spatial attention to BR location in an example session. Left, scatterplot showing cells whose responses to the sparse noise stimuli were significantly different (red) or not different (gray) between BR and TL blocks. The example neuron in (A) is indicated with a bigger dot. Right, attentional modulation of neurons with RFs at or away from BR location. p value determined by bootstrap test. n (≤ r) = 95 RFs, n (> r) = 77 RFs. Error bars, 90% CI of bootstrapped mean.

(F) Response modulation by spatial attention to BR location in all sessions. p value determined by hierarchical bootstrapping. n (≤ r) = 1,841 RFs, n (> r) = 5,368 RFs. Error bars, 90% CI of bootstrapped mean.

(G) As in (E), spatial attention to TL location. The sign of the index was reversed to assess attentional modulation in TL blocks relative to BR blocks. n (≤ r)= 63 RFs, n (> r) = 259 RFs.

(H) As in (F), spatial attention to TL location. n (≤ r) = 3,875 RFs, n (> r) = 5,368 RFs. 42 sessions from 3 mice. See also Figures S5 and S6.