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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Mar 5.
Published before final editing as: Diabetes Care. 2025 Aug 19:dc250452. doi: 10.2337/dc25-0452

Table 3. ROC analysis and optimal CGM thresholds at 29 weeks of gestation for pregnancy outcome prediction.

Results are presented as area under the ROC analysis (95% confidence intervals). Significance levels; *P<0.05; **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.

LGA Intergrowth SGA Intergrowth Preterm NICU admission Neonatal Hypoglycemia
Mean CGM glucose mmol/L
ROC results, AUC (95%CI) 0.61 (0.52 to 0.69)* 0.62 (0.48 to 0.76) 0.59 (0.48 to 0.70) 0.58 (0.46 to 0.70) 0.57 (0.38 to 0.75)
Optimal threshold for sens & spec 110 mg/dL
(6.1mmol/L)
103 mg/dL
(5.7mmol/L)
103 mg/dL
(5.7mmol/L)
115 mg/dL
(6.4mmol/L)
120 mg/dL
(6.7mmol/L)
 Sensitivity at threshold 0.54 0.69 0.61 0.53 0.47
  Specificity at threshold 0.64 0.57 0.47 0.63 0.88
TIR 63-140 mg/dL; 3.5-7.8 mmol/L
ROC results, AUC (95%CI) 0.62 (0.53 to 0.71)** 0.62 (0.48 to 0.76) 0.59 (0.49 to 0.70) 0.59 (0.48 to 0.71) 0.61 (0.45 to 0.78)
Optimal threshold for sens & spec 93.5 90.7 94.5 95.6 94.8
Sensitivity at threshold 0.56 0.56 0.63 0.73 0.71
Specificity at threshold 0.6 0.7 0.61 42 0.48
TAR 63-140 mg/dL; 3.5-7.8 mmol/L
ROC results, AUC (95%CI) 0.61 (0.52 to 0.70)* 0.62 (0.48 to 0.76) 0.59 (0.48 to 0.70) 0.61 (0.51 to 0.72)* 0.56 (0.38 to 0.74)
Optimal threshold for sens & spec 3.5 10.6 2.2 3.6 15.1
Sensitivity at threshold 0.64 0.44 0.77 0.64 0.47
Specificity at threshold 0.56 0.8 0.39 0.57 0.86
TIR 63-120 mg/dL; 3.5-6.7 mmol/L
ROC results, AUC (95%CI) 0.61 (0.52 to 0.69)* 0.61 (0.47 to 0.75) 0.58 (0.47 to 0.68) 0.59 (0.48 to 0.71) 0.55 (0.36 to 0.73)
Optimal threshold for sens & spec 80.1 74.2 81.1 84.9 58.1
Sensitivity at threshold 0.56 0.56 0.57 0.77 0.47
Specificity at threshold 0.6 0.72 0.56 0.44 0.86
TAR 63-120 mg/dL; 3.5-6.7 mmol/L
ROC results, AUC (95%CI) 0.59 (0.51 to 0.68)* 0.61 (0.47 to 0.75) 0.57 (0.47 to 0.68) 0.59 (0.48 to 0.70) 0.54 (0.36 to 0.73)
Optimal threshold for sens & spec 16.2 23.9 12.8 13.3 41.8
Sensitivity at threshold 0.61 0.56 0.73 0.73 0.47
Specificity at threshold 0.55 0.72 0.42 0.44 0.86
Nocturnal mean glucose mmol/L
ROC results, AUC (95%CI) 0.61 (0.53 to 0.69)** 0.63 (0.49 to 0.77) 0.56 (0.45 to 0.67) 0.54 (0.42 to 0.66) 0.56 (0.39 to 0.73)
Optimal threshold for sens & spec 108mg/dL
(6mmol/L)
110 mg/dL
(6.1mmol/L)
106mg/dL
(5.9mmol/L)
112mg/dL
(6.2mmol/L)
110 mg/dL
(6.1mmol/L)
Sensitivity at threshold 0.52 0.56 0.47 0.4 0.47
Specificity at threshold 0.75 0.73 0.69 0.77 0.75
Nocturnal TIR 63-140 mg/dL; 3.5-7.8 mmol/L
ROC results, AUC (95%CI) 0.59 (0.50 to 0.67)* 0.60 (0.48 to 0.72) 0.57 (0.47 to 0.67) 0.54 (0.43 to 0.66) 0.56 (0.42 to 0.71)
Optimal threshold for sens & spec 92.2 97.7 99.4 81.9 83.6
Sensitivity at threshold 0.44 0.88 0.97 0.27 0.35
Specificity at threshold 0.74 0.41 0.21 0.9 0.88
Nocturnal TAR 63-140 mg/dL; 3.5-7.8 mmol/L
ROC results, AUC (95%CI) 0.64 (0.56 to 0.72)** 0.65 (0.53 to 0.77)* 0.58 (0.47 to 0.68) 0.52 (0.41 to 0.64) 0.55 (0.41 to 0.70)
Optimal threshold for sens & spec 5.7 0.3 0.2 19.8 16.3
Sensitivity at threshold 0.43 0.81 0.67 0.2 0.29
Specificity at threshold 0.81 0.53 0.52 0.93 0.89

CGM: continuous glucose monitoring; LGA: large for gestational age; NICU: neonatal intensive care unit; ROC; receiver operating characteristic; sens & spec; sensitivity and specificity TIR: time in range; TAR: time above range; TBR: time below range;