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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Mar 5.
Published in final edited form as: Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 2026 Jan 15;80(1):s00265-026-03693-w. doi: 10.1007/s00265-026-03693-w

Table 1.

Measures of the relationship between active and sleep phase on parameter spaces constructed from principal component analyses in Agamid lizards. Areas of multivariate normal ellipses (at 95% confidence interval) for each phase are unitless; values in parentheses represent percentages of total area of parameter space. Results of PERMANOVA tests on observations along principal components 1 and 2, with the associated model R2 values in parentheses. ‘Variance’ indicates results of multivariate homogeneity of groups dispersions tests. Dashes denote no tests or calculations performed due to lack of variability in data. Statistically significant tests (α = 0.05) in bold

Habitat Species Active
area
Sleep
area
Total
area
Active
unique
Sleep
unique
Overlap PERMANOVA
p-value
Variance
p-value
Arboreal Salea anamallayana 26.72 27.84 31.51 3.68
(11.67%)
4.79
(15.21%)
23.04
(73.12%)
0.344
(0.02)
0.831
Salea horsfieldii 36.78 9.84 38.49 28.64
(74.42%)
1.70
(4.42%)
8.14
(21.16%)
0.035
(0.04)
0.596
Semi-arboreal Calotes versicolor 42.29 16.49 42.29 25.81
(61.02%)
0
(0%)
16.49
(38.98%)
0.150
(0.03)
0.064
Monilesaurus rouxii 13.51 7.95 19.39 11.44
(59.00%)
5.88
(30.35%)
2.07
(10.65%)
0.001
(0.56)
0.555
Rupicolous Psammophilus dorsalis 7.73 9.04 10.75 1.70
(15.86%)
3.02
(28.12%)
6.02
(56.00%)
0.046
(0.09)
0.201
Ground-dwelling Sarada superba - - - - - - 0.11
(0.05)
0.073
Sitana visiri - - - - - - 0.001
(0.31)
0.002
Sitana marudhamneydal - - - - - - - -