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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Mar 5.
Published in final edited form as: Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 2026 Jan 15;80(1):s00265-026-03693-w. doi: 10.1007/s00265-026-03693-w

Table 2.

Ordinary least square regressions on perch characteristics of Agamid lizards in relation to diel phase (reference: active phase). Models for perch height and distance to trunk include trunk girth as covariate for arboreal and semi-arboreal species, where β is partial coefficient for diel phase. Mean values are based on observed data (in mm). Model for Sitana marudhamneydhal is not reported as observations did not show any variation. *Homogeneity of variance assumption violated according to Levene’s test of model residuals

Characteristics Habitat Species Mean Active (SE) Mean Sleep (SE) β SE df p-value R2
Perch height Arboreal Salea anamallayana 1060 (104.93) 1360 (118.44) 0.12 0.06 47 0.04 0.06
Salea horsfieldii 1169.62 (99.49) 1095.47 (71.45) –0.04 0.06 66 0.57 0
Semi-arboreal Calotes versicolor* 924.51 (133.49) 987.96 (97.69) 0.18 0.10 49 0.085 0.08
Monilesaurus rouxii* 984.09 (98.87) 1699.81 (86.07) 0.20 0.07 45 0.004 0.39
Rupicolous Psammophilus dorsalis 816.56 (138.03) 1279.14 (160.69) 0.34 0.19 35 0.825 0.06
Ground Sarada superba 29.96 (12.18) 0 –0.51 0.27 37 0.072 0.06
Sitana visiri* 128.5 (31.12) 0 –0.96 0.23 62 < 0.001 0.21
Sitana marudhamneydhal - - - - - - -
Trunk girth Arboreal S. anamallayana 47.58 (4.81) 42.53 (3.35) –0.05 0.04 48 0.249 0.01
S. horsfieldii 64.74 (12.97) 34.45 (2.59) –0.20 0.06 67 < 0.001 0.15
Semi-arboreal C. versicolor 512.14 (74.99) 323.04 (49.4) –0.20 0.09 50 0.035 0.07
M. rouxii 1055.95 (180.36) 148.03 (38.74) –0.90 0.12 46 < 0.001 0.54
Distance to trunk Arboreal S. anamallayana 308 343.80 (66.63) –0.10 0.22 47 0.65 0.03
(48.76)
S. horsfieldii* 286.40 (51.99) 290.23 (55.36) –0.44 0.28 66 0.115 0.03
Semi-arboreal C. versicolor 624.96 (137.63) 502.6 (96.79) 0.11 0.25 49 0.664 0
M. rouxii 30.90 (21.35) 1117.57 (149.92) 2.49 0.31 44 < 0.001 0.70