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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 May 15.
Published in final edited form as: Sex Transm Dis. 2025 Sep 9;53(1):20–27. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000002242

Table 2. Factors associated with mpox awareness and willingness for vaccination among study participants (n=501).

Awareness of mpox Willingness for mpox vaccination
Variable No
n (%)
Yes
n (%)
P
2 or t-test)
No
n (%)
Yes
n (%)
P
or t- test)
Overall 207
(41.3)
294
(58.7)
317 (63.3) 184 (36.7)
Sociodemographics
  Group 0.82 <0.0
01
    MSM 105 (42.0) 145 (58.0) 116
(46.4)
134
(53.6)
    TGW 102
(40.6)
149
(59.4)
201
(80.1)
50
(19.9)
  Education 0.09 0.96
    ≤ higher secondary 104
(45.6)
124
(54.4)
145
(63.6)
83
(36.4)
    ≥ Diploma/ College degree 103
(37.7)
170
(62.3)
172
(63.0)
101 (37.0)
  Recruitment mode 0.511 0.00
3
    Offline 128
(42.7)
172
(57.3)
206
(68.7)
94
(31.3)
    Online 79
(39.3)
122
(60.7)
111
(55.2)
90
(44.8)
  HIV Status 0.21 0.02
    HIV-negative 200
(40.8)
290
(59.2)
314
(64.1)
176
(35.9)
    HIV-positive 7
(63.6)
4
(36.4)
3 (27.3) 8 (72.7)
Age (years) mean (SD) 28.3
(5.8)
29.7
(6.4)
0.01 28.8
(5.8)
29.6
(6.9)
0.19
  Monthly income 14396 15973 15196 15575
  (INR) mean (SD) (7329) (9811) 0.04 (7912) (10480) 0.68
  HIV/STI risk and prevention behaviors
Sex work (in the past month) 0.68 <0.0
01
    No 87
(42.6)
117
(57.4)
99 (48.5) 105
(51.5)
    Yes 120
(40.4)
177
(59.6)
218
(73.4)
79
(26.6)
Inconsistent condom use with any type of male partner (past 2 months) 0.31 <0.0
01
    Always/Everytime 73
(44.8)
90
(55.2)
72
(44.2)
91
(55.8)
    Never 134
(39.6)
204
(60.4)
245
(72.5)
93
(27.5)
Inconsistent condom use male non-regular partners (past 2 months) 0.51 <0.0
01
    Always/Everytime 66
(43.1)
87
(56.9)
69
(45.1)
84
(54.9)
    Never 112
(39.4)
172
(60.6)
213 (75.0) 71 (25.0)
Inconsistent condom use with male regular partner (past
2 months)
0.57 <0.0
01
    Always/Everytime 36
(34.6)
68
(65.4)
45
(43.3)
59
(56.7)
    Never 83
(38.6)
132
(61.4)
150
(69.8)
65
(30.2)
PrEP awareness <0.00
1
0.21
    No 139
(48.1)
150
(51.9)
190
(65.7)
99
(34.3)
    Yes 68
(32.1)
144
(67.9)
127
(59.9)
85
(40.1)
Number of male non-regular sexual partners (past 2 months) mean (SD) 41.9
(3.9)
48.9
(3.4)
0.18 63.9
(3.5)
15.1
(1.9)
<0.0
01
Prior vaccination experience
COVID-19 vaccination (completed 2 doses) 0.01 0.66
    No 26
(60.5)
17
(39.5)
29
(67.4)
14
(32.6)
    Yes 181
(39.5)
277
(60.5)
288
(62.9)
170
(37.1)
  Psychosocial conditions
  Depression 0.316 <0.0
01
    No 127
(43.3)
166
(56.7)
153
(52.2)
140
(47.8)
    Yes 80
(38.5)
128
(61.5)
164
(78.8)
44
(21.2)
  Anxiety
0.08 <0.0
01
    No 103
(45.8)
122
(54.2)
117
(52.0)
108
(48.0)
    Yes 104
(37.7)
172
(62.3)
200
(72.5)
76
(27.5)
  Ever heard of mpox? - - -
  (prior to survey) 0.07
    No - - - 141 (68.1%) 66 (31.9%)
    Yes - - - 176
(59.9%)
118
(40.1%)
  Awareness of high burden of mpox among MSM/TGW - - - 0.03
    No - - - 211 (67.0%) 104 (33.0%)
    Yes - - - 106
(57.0%)
80 (43.0%)