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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Aug 7.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Rev. 2024 Jul 11;132(2):330–363. doi: 10.1037/rev0000487

Table 1. Parameter Descriptions and Treatment for Each Model and Groups of Data Sets A–E.

EZ parameter Blind
Non-decision time (Ter) Free
Drift rate (v) Free
Boundary separation (a) Free
Within-trial variability (s) 0.1
DDM parameter Blind Informed
Non-decision time (Ter) Free Free (A, B) or Fp (C, E)
Drift rate (v) Free Free (B) or Fp (A, C, E)
Boundary separation/threshold (a) Free Fp
Across-trial variability in T0 (sTer) 0 Fp (A, C, E) or 0 (B, D)
Across-trial variability in v (sv) 0 0
Within-trial variability (s) 0.1 0.1
Response bias (z) 0 0
Across-trial variability in z (sz) 0 0
LBA parameter Blind Informed
Non-decision time (Ter) Free Free (A, B) or Fp (C, E)
Drift rate toward correct response (v) Free Free (B) or Fp (A, C, E)
Across-trial variability in v (sv) Free or 1 (B, D, E) Fp (A, C) or 1 (B, D, E)
Starting point variability (A) Free Fp
Boundary separation (b) Free Fp
Drift rate toward incorrect response (v0) 1-v (A, C) or NA (B, D, E) 1-v (A, C) or NA (B, D, E)

Note. Free parameters are allowed to vary across participants and conditions. Some parameters are only allowed to vary across participants but not conditions (Fp). The remaining parameters are scaling parameters or ignored options (grey shade). Data sets are grouped in five categories, according to the manipulation (visual properties vs. task demands) and the action modality (manual vs. saccades). Groups A–E contain the following data sets: (A) Novel manual shape discrimination and stop task, where fast and slow conditions correspond to bright and dim stimuli. (B) Bompas and Sumner (2009a, 2009b) and Free Choice data sets, where fast conditions correspond to brightest and magnocellular stimuli, and slow conditions to the dimmest and koniocellular stimuli. (C) Novel manual letter discrimination task, where the fast and slow conditions correspond to fast and cautious blocks. (D) Saccadic trials from Bompas et al. (2020), Boucher, Stuphorn, et al. (2007), Campbell et al. (2017) and Monkeys, where fast conditions correspond to ignore blocks and postgo trials, and slow conditions to stop blocks and postsignal trials. (E) Manual trials from Campbell et al. (2017) and Boucher, Stuphorn, et al. (2007), where fast conditions correspond to ignore blocks and postgo trials, and slow conditions to stop blocks and postsignal trials. DDM = drift diffusion model; LBA = linear ballistic accumulator; NA = not applicable.