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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Oct 24.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Biol. 2025 Aug 4;35(15):3664–3673.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2025.06.051
Specimen name Specimen number Skull length (cm) Body mass estimate (kg) Body mass source
Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis PVSJ 407 56 350 Paul76
Dilophosaurus wetherilli UCMP 77270 59 400 Paul76
Ceratosaurus nasicornis BYUVP 12893 55 418 Therrien and Henderson8
Monolophosaurus jiangi IVPP 84019 80 475 Paul76
Allosaurus jimmadseni MOR 693 72 1,500 Bates et al.77
Neovenator salerii MIWG.6348 72 1,000 Paul76
Acrocanthosaurus atokensis NCSM 14345 129 2,551.25 Snively et al.51
Giganotosaurus carolinii MUCPv-Ch1 163.4 3,540.64 Snively et al.51
Torvosaurus gurneyi BYUVP 2002–2014, 2016–2018, 4882–4884, 4860, 4890, 4998, 5110, 5286, 9120–9122, 9249 115 1,650 Hendrickx and Mateus78
Spinosaurus aegyptiacus FSAC-KK 11888 175 7,400 Sereno et al.62
Suchomimus tenerensis MNN GDF501 119 3,816.1 Seebacher79
Raptorex kriegsteini LH PV18 30 65 Sereno et al.80
Bistahieversor sealeyi NMMNH P-27469 107 3,300 Molina-Pérez et al.81
Albertosaurus sarcophagus TMP 1981.010.0001 88 1,685 Christiansen and Fariña7
Alioramus altai IGM 100/1844 70 369 Brusatte et al.82
Daspletosaurus torosus FMNH PR308 105 2,700 Christiansen and Farina7
Tyrannosaurus rex USNM 555000 120 6,216 Campione et al.83
Tyrannosaurus rex FMNH PR 2081 127.5 7,377 Campione et al.83
Body masses were referenced from the literature and skull lengths were measured in MeshLab 2020.06.