Table 3.
A summary of the reported cases of invasive management of chylothorax after coronary artery bypass grafting.
| Author | Procedure | Age/Gender | LIMA/RIMA | Site | Surgery to diagnosis duration (days) | Management |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dilello et al., 1987 [36] | CABG | 53 y/M | LIMA | L | 9 | Chest tube on POD 13th, supraclavicular approach to thoracic duct, multiple entries of TD to the vein were noticed, leakage ligated, drainage did not decrease so a left thoracotomy was done on POD 31, a diffuse leak from adhesion in the junctional area of mammary pedicle, subclavian vein and artery was noted, pleural flap was raised and the area sprayed with biological glue, the flap closed over the area, chyle drainage resolved after POD 7 |
| Czarnecki et al., 1988 [37] | CABG | 61 y/F | LIMA and RIMA | R | 42 | Conservative management failed after 10 days, right thoracotomy and ligation of the duct at diaphragm |
| Chaiyaroji et al., 1991 [38] | CABG | 69 y/F | LIMA | L | 6 | Conservative management failed after 18 days, left thoracotomy and clipping at the leakage site |
| Inderbitzi et al., 1992 [39] | Redo- CABG | 69 y/M | UK | L | 2 | Left VATS, fibrin glue spray |
| Bogers et al., 1993 [7] | CABG | 41 y/M | LIMA | L | 1 | Conservative management fialed after 35 days, left thoracotomy and ligation at injury site |
| Wood et al., 1994 [40] | CABG | 69 y/M | LIMA | L | 3 | Conservative failed after 7 days, left VATS ligation at injury site (proximal LIMA) |
| Janssen et al., 1994 [41] | CABG | 58 y/M | LIMAL | L | 35 | Conservative failed after 2 weeks, left VATS and clipping of thoracic duct behind the aortic arch |
| Yamaguchi et al., 1996 [42] | CABG | 64 y/M | LIMA | L | 2 | Conservative management failed after 3 weeks, left thoracotomy |
| Felz et al., 1997 [43] | CABG | 50 y/F | LIMA | L | 56 | Left VATS ligation at injury site |
| Pego-Fernandez et al., 1997 [34] | CABG | 38 y/M | LIMA | L | 90 | VATS for cleaning and lavage of thorax only |
| Venturini et al., 1999 [44] | CABG | 67 y/M | LIMA | L | 70 | Left thoracotomy, ligation of the duct |
| Fahimi et al., 2001 [18] | CABG | 49 y/M | LIMA | L | UK | Left VATS, fibrin glue |
| Riquet et al., 2004 [45] | CABG | 59 y/F | LIMA | L | UK | Left thoracotomy, ligation at injury site (left anterior mediastinal lymph node chain) |
| Falode et al., 2005 [46] | CABG + ASD repair | 68 y/F | LIMA | L | 3 | Left VATS, Talc pleurodesis |
| Choong et al., 2006 [4] | CABG | 63 y/M | LIMA | L | 2 | Conservative management failed after 35 days, right thoracotomy and ligation at injury site (severed duct identified in thymic area) |
| Paul et al., 2009 [35] | CABG | 65 y/M | UK | UK | UK | Conservative failed after 14 days, right thoracotomy and duct ligation at diaphragm |
| Deguchi et al., 2015 [47] | CABG | 78 y/F | LIMA and RIMA | R | 3 | Conservative failed after 10 days, median sternotomy and ligation at injury site (injured lymphatic on right side of innominate vein) |
| Waliany et al., 2018 [48] | CABG | 62 y/M | LIMA | L | 13 | Chest tube drainage, MCTG followed by TPN, thoracoscopic Talc pleurodesis on POD 33 but drainage remained high, so Doxycycline pleurodesis through chest tube on POD 40, course complicated by Yellow Nail Syndrome, resolved ultimately |