Table 1.
Demographic and exposure characteristics of two groups of workers
| Variables | Control group (n = 94) | PAH-exposed group (n = 173) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years, mean ± SD) | 45.55 ± 8.74 | 44.12 ± 5.68 | 0.152a |
| BMI (kg m−2, mean ± SD) | 25.43 ± 3.80 | 24.59 ± 3.18 | 0.055a |
| Current smokers [yes (%)] | 62 (66.0%) | 120 (69.4%) | 0.568b |
| Alcohol user [yes (%)] | 62 (66.0%) | 112 (64.7%) | 0.842b |
| Grilled food consumption ≥ weekly [yes (%)] | 5 (5.3%) | 49 (18.4%) | <0.001b |
| Urinary 1-OHP [μg g−1 creatinine, median (IQR)] | 6.69 (4.66–9.09) | 63.49 (19.28–160.54) | <0.001c |
| OTM [median (IQR)] | 3.66 (0.94–5.63) | 21.50 (12.18–31.61) | <0.001c |
| % Tail DNA [median (IQR)] | 4.81 (2.61–6.18) | 39.64 (27.64–50.51) | <0.001c |
| WBC (109 l−1, mean ± SD) | 6.35 ± 1.35 | 6.42 ± 1.78 | 0.529a |
| Lymphocyte % (mean ± SD) | 31.27 ± 6.48 | 32.84 ± 7.43 | 0.085a |
| MGMT mRNA (∆Ct, mean ± SD) | 6.41 ± 0.62 | 5.99 ± 0.66 | <0.001c |
SD, standard deviations; BMI, body mass index; 1-OHP, 1-hydroxypyrene; IQR, interquartile range; OTM, Olive Tail Moment; WBC, white blood cell.
aTwo-sided two-sample t test between control and coke oven workers.
bTwo-tailed chi-square test between control and coke oven workers.
cTwo-sided two-sample t test for natural logarithmic-transformed data between control and coke oven workers.