TABLE 3. Reported human and animal dracunculiasis cases, surveillance, and status of local interventions in villages with endemic disease, by country—worldwide, 2019.

Human cases/Surveillance/Intervention status	Country
	Chad*	Ethiopia	Mali†	South Sudan	Angola	Total
Reported human cases
No. indigenous, 2019	49§	0	0	4	1	54
No. imported,¶ 2019	0	0	0	0	0	0
% Contained** in 2019	53	0	0	50	0	52
% Change in indigenous human cases in villages/localities under surveillance, same period 2018 and 2019	188	0	0	−60	0	93
Reported animal cases
No. indigenous, 2019	1,935	8	6	0	1	1,950
No. imported,†† 2019	0	0	3	0	0	3
% Contained** in 2019	77	25	67	0	0	77
% Change in indigenous animal cases in villages/localities under surveillance, same period 2018 and 2019	82	−53	−55	0	NA	77
Villages under active surveillance, 2019
No. of villages	2,211	189	2,802	2,675	0	7,877
% Reporting monthly	97	100	100	88	0	96
No. reporting ≥1 human case	25	0	0	10	1	38
No. reporting only imported†† human cases	0	0	0	0	0	0
No. reporting indigenous human cases	25	0	0	10	1	38
No. reporting ≥1 animal case	422	4	8	2	0	436
No. reporting only imported†† animal cases	0	0	2	0	0	2
No. reporting indigenous animal cases	422	4	6	2	0	434
Status of interventions in villages with endemic human dracunculiasis, 2019
No. of villages with endemic human dracunculiasis, 2018–2019	34	0	0	12	2	48
% Reporting monthly§§	100	NA	NA	87	—	92
% Filters in all households§§	20	NA	NA	58	—	29
% Using temephos§§	61	NA	NA	75	—	63
% ≥1 source of safe water§§	50	NA	NA	67	100	52
% Provided health education§§	100	NA	NA	92	100	94
Status of interventions in villages with endemic animal dracunculiasis, 2019
No. of villages with endemic animal dracunculiasis, 2018–2019	526	11	22	0	1	560
% Reporting monthly§§	100	100	100	NA	—	100
% Using temephos§§	69	100	100	NA	—	70
% Provided health education§§	100	100	100	NA	100	100

Abbreviation: NA = not applicable.

* Participants at the annual Chad Guinea Worm Eradication Program review meeting in November 2014 adopted “1+ case village” as a new description for villages in Chad affected by human cases of Guinea worm disease and/or dogs infected with Guinea worms and defined it as “a village with one or more indigenous and/or imported cases of Guinea worm infections in humans, dogs, and/or cats in the current calendar year and/or previous year.”

^† Civil unrest and insecurity since a coup in 2012 continued to constrain Guinea Worm Eradication Program operations (supervision, surveillance, and interventions) in Gao, Kidal, Mopti, Segou, and Timbuktu Regions.

^§ Forty-eight cases were reported from Chad in 2019. One case was reported from Cameroon in 2019 in a village approximately 1 mile (1.5 km) from the Chad-Cameroon border. This is believed to have been acquired in Chad.

^¶ Imported from another country.

** Transmission from a patient with dracunculiasis is contained only if all of the following conditions are met for each emerged worm: 1) the infected patient is identified ≤24 hours after worm emergence; 2) the patient has not entered any water source since the worm emerged; 3) a village volunteer or other healthcare provider has managed the patient properly, by cleaning and bandaging the lesion until the worm has been fully removed manually and by providing health education to discourage the patient from contaminating any water source (if two or more emerging worms are present, transmission is not contained until the last worm is removed); 4) the containment process, including verification of dracunculiasis, is validated by a Guinea Worm Eradication Program supervisor within 7 days of emergence of the worm; and 5) temephos is used to treat potentially contaminated surface water if any uncertainty about contamination of these sources of drinking water exists, or if a such a source of drinking water is known to have been contaminated.

^†† Imported from another in-country disease-endemic village.

^§§ The denominator is the number of endemic villages/localities where the program applied interventions during 2018–2019.