Table 1.

Temporal development of withdrawal symptoms.

	Time since naltrexone administration (minutes)
COWS item	0	15	30	45	60a	75	120	360
Pulse
Sweating						X	X
Restlessness			X	X	XXXXX	X	XXX
Pupil size
Bone or joint aches	X	X	XX	XX	XX	X	XX	X
Runny nose or tearing			X	X	X	X	X
GI upset	XX	XX	XX	XX	XXX	XXXXX	XXX	X
Tremor	XX	XX	XX	XX	XX	XX	X
Yawning		X		X		X	XX	X
Anxiety or irritability	X	XX	XX	XX	XXXX	XX	X	XX
Gooseflesh skin						X
Total	6	8	10	11	17a	15	14	5

X = 1 point on COWS.

^aFirst dose of buprenorphine administered.