Figure 1.

CCA clustering and tSNE visualization revealed 14 distinct populations. A, Experimental setup: plaque samples obtained from endarterectomy procedures were digested, single viable cells were fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) sorted in a polymerase chain reaction plate, and CEL-seq2 was performed. B, Heatmap of top marker genes per cluster. C, tSNE visualization of clustering revealed 14 cell populations. Population identities were determined based on marker gene expression. D, Violin plots of signature genes confirmed population identities, as well as (E) by similarity to known cell type in reference RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data sets. ACTA2 indicates alpha actin 2, smooth muscle; DC, dendritic cell; HSC, hematopoietic stem cell; IHC, immunohistochemistry; KIT, c-KIT; NK, natural killer; scRNAseq, single-cell RNA sequencing; and tSNE, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding.