Table 4.
DE genes paired comparison. LogFC; log2 fold change, FDR: false discovery rate as adjusted p-value.
| Gene status | Gene name | Description | logFC | FDR | Putative function |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Putative pathway: osteoclast differentiation | |||||
| ↑ |
SPI1 (PU.1) |
Spi-1 proto-oncogene | 1.028 | 0.0014 | Induction of osteoclast formation39 |
| ↑ |
C-FMS (CSF1R) |
colony stimulating factor 1 receptor | 1.026 | 1.37 × 10–6 | A trigger event leading to osteoclast differentiation via the c-Fms receptor40 |
| ↑ | TNFRSF11A (RANK) | TNF receptor superfamily member 11a | 1.157 | 0.0013 | RANK/RANKL signalling is a central regulator of osteoclastogenesis41 |
| ↑ |
TNFSF11 (RANKL) |
TNF superfamily member 11 | 0.810 | #0.253 | |
| ↑ | OCSTAMP | osteoclast stimulatory transmembrane protein | 2.329 | 0.0030 | Lack of cell–cell fusion of osteoclasts in OC-STAMP deficient mice42 |
| ↑ | ACP5 | acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant | 2.149 | 0.007 | A cytochemical marker of osteoclast43 |
| ↑ | MMP9 | matrix metallopeptidase 9 | 2.326 | 0.010 | High expression in RANKL induced osteoclasts44 |
| ↑ | CALCR | calcitonin receptor | 1.896 | 0.036 | Increase of calcitonin receptor during osteoclast formation45 |
| ↑ | CTSK | cathepsin K | 1.099 | *0.059 | Degradation of type I collagen by osteoclast-mediated bone resorption46 |
| ↑ | TREM2 | triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 | 1.293 | 0.0027 | Co-stimulatory receptor of RANK signalling47 |
| ↑ |
TYROBP (DAP12) |
TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein | 0.764 | 0.0011 | Osteopenia due to increase of osteoclasts in DAP12 overexpression mice48 |
| ↑ |
CYBA (Nox1) |
cytochrome b-245 alpha chain | 0.639 | 0.0080 | MAPK activation via Nox1 in osteoclast differentiation49 |
| ↑ |
CYBB (Nox2) |
cytochrome b-245 beta chain | 1.014 | 0.0146 | Increase of Nox2 during RANKL induced osteoclasts49 |
| ↓ |
TNFRSF11B (OPG) |
TNF receptor superfamily member 11b | − 1.326 | 7.0 × 10–8 | A negative regulator of osteoclastogenesis41 |
| ↓ | TGFB1 | transforming growth factor beta 1 | − 0.626 | 0.024 | Inhibitory effect of TGF-β on osteoclast differentiation50 |
| ↓ | TGFB2 | transforming growth factor beta 2 | − 0.697 | 0.0055 | |
| Putative pathway: calcium signalling | |||||
| ↑ | P2X2R | purinergic receptor P2X2 | 1.962 | 4.3 × 10–4 | Induction of Ca2+ influx in osteoclast precursors and osteoclasts via extracellular ATP via various purinergic receptors51–53 |
| ↑ | P2X4R | purinergic receptor P2X4 | 0.786 | 0.0029 | |
| ↑ | P2X6R | purinergic receptor P2X 6 | 2.700 | 1.26 × 10–5 | |
| ↑ | PLCB4 | phospholipase C beta 4 | 1.106 | 3.36 × 10–5 | Activated by GPLC52,53 |
| ↓ | P2X7R | purinergic receptor P2X7 | − 0.271 | #0.639 | Increased bone resorption by loss of function of P2 × 7r54 |