Table 4.
Median Muscle Activity: Across participant marginal means (and standard errors) for surface electromyography (%MVC). RMANOVA Tablet Size, Tablet Orientation, Swipe Direction, Swipe Zone, Swipe Orientation
| Tablet Size | Tablet Orientation | Swipe Zone2 | Swipe Orientation | Swipe Direction | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median EMG activity (% MVC) | P-Value1 | 10” | 8” | P-Value | Landscape | Portrait | P-Value3 | TL | TR | BL | BR | P-Value | Horizontal | Vertical | P-Value | Normal-in | Reverse-out |
| Extensor Carpi Ulnaris | <0.001 | 7.9(.9) | 6.7(.9) | <0.001 | 6.8(.9) | 7.7(.9) | <0.001 | 10.2(.9)A | 7.0(.9)B | 7.2(.9)B | 4.7(.9)C | 0.121 | 7.5(.9) | 7.1(.9) | <0.001 | 6.4(.9) | 8.2(.9) |
| Extensor Carpi Radialis | <0.001 | 5.6(.8) | 4.7(.8) | 0.010 | 5.0 (.8) | 5.2 (.8) | <0.001 | 5.8(.8)A | 4.9(.8)C | 5.4(.8)B | 4.4(.8)D | 0.408 | 5.2(.8) | 5.1(.8) | <0.001 | 4.9(.8) | 5.3(.8) |
| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris | <0.001 | 5.1(.8) | 4.3(.8) | 0.421 | 4.7(.8) | 4.7(.8) | <0.001 | 5.6(.8) A | 4.3(.8)C | 4.9(.8)B | 4.0(.8)C | 0.663 | 4.7(.7) | 4.7(.8) | <0.001 | 4.4(.8) | 5.0(.8) |
| Flexor Carpi Radialis | <0.001 | 7.4(1.2) | 6.3(1.2) | 0.815 | 6.8(1.2) | 6.8(1.2) | 0.357 | 6.6(1.2) | 6.9(1.2) | 7.0(1.2) | 6.8(1.2) | 0.658 | 6.9(1.2) | 6.8(1.2) | 0.777 | 6.9(1.2) | 6.8(1.2) |
| Abductor Pollicis Longus | <0.001 | 7.1(1.2) | 6.2(1.2) | 0.467 | 6.6(1.2) | 6.7(1.2) | <0.001 | 8.4(1.2)A | 6.1(1.2)C | 6.9(1.2)B | 5.2(1.2)D | 0.386 | 6.7(1.2) | 6.6(1.2) | <0.001 | 6.2(1.2) | 7.1(1.2) |
| Extensor Pollicis Brevis | 0.512 | 10.4(1.5) | 10.3(1.5) | 0.068 | 10.5(1.5) | 10.2(1.5) | <0.001 | 12.1(1.5)A | 10.0(1.5)B | 10.6(1.5)B | 8.8(1.5)C | 0.009 | 10.6(1.5) | 10.1(1.5) | <0.001 | 9.7(1.5) | 11.1(1.5) |
1
Repeated Measures ANOVA with participant as a random variable, Tablet Size (2 levels), Tablet Orientation (2 levels), Swipe Location (4 levels), Swipe Orientation (2 levels). Bold values indicate a significant effect (p<0.05).
2
TL= top left, TR=top right, BL=bottom left, BR=bottom right
3
For significant main effects, Tukey’s Post-Hoc groupings are ranked such that A>B>C>D. Values with the same superscript letters indicate no significant difference