Table 3. Published human C and N isotope values from between 2000 cal BC and 212 cal AD.

Site	Site number	Region	Province	Cultural group	Estimated dates (cal. BC/AD)	Mean δ15N	SD δ15N	Mean δ13C	SD δ13C	n	Reference number
Beiqian	54	A	Shandong	Zhou Dynasty	1046–256	10.5	0.5	-9.2	0.8	4	[44]
Qianzhangda	55	A	Shandong	Shang/Western Zhou	1200–771	10.0	1.2	-8.9	1.4	49	[88]
Xiyasi	56	A	Shandong	Eastern Zhou	770–221	8.1	0.9	-11.9	2.2	30	[50]
Liulihe	57	A	Hebei	Western Zhou	1046–771	-	-	-8.2	1.4	19	[59]
Nancheng	58	A	Hebei	Proto Shang	2000–1600	9.4	0.0	-6.9	0.1	75	[89]
Neiyangyuan	59	A	Shanxi	Spring and Autumn	770–476	9.6	1.0	-8.6	1.6	23	[90]
Niedian	60	A	Shanxi	Xia	1900–1500	10.5	0.7	-7.1	0.3	60	[91]
Xiaonanzhuang	61	A	Shanxi	Eastern Zhou	770–221	10.5	0.9	-8.0	0.4	16	[92]
Xiaoshuangqiao	62	A	Shanxi	Shang	1600–1046	8.5	1.6	-10.0	1.7	10	[93]
Anyang	63	A	Henan	Shang	1400–1046	-	-	-8.2	2.5	39	[59]
Changxinyua	64	A	Henan	Eastern Zhou	770–221	7.7	1.0	-10.3	1.4	15	[50]
Erlitou	65	A	Henan	Erlitou	1900–1500	11.9	4.2	-9.4	2.1	31	[59, 69]
Handeng	66	A	Henan	Proto Shang	1750–1600	9.3	-	-6.7	-	1	[94]
Liuzhuang	67	A	Henan	Proto Shang	2000–1600	9.7	1.5	-8.2	1.9	21	[95]
Xiaomintun	68	A	Henan	Shang	1400–1046	9.5	0.6	-11.5	2.7	4	[96]
Xinzhai	69	A	Henan	Erlitou	1900–1500	9.0	1.0	-9.6	1.4	8	[97]
Xinzheng City	70	A	Henan	Eastern Zhou	770–221	8.8	0.8	-11.0	1.6	75	[80]
Xuecun	71	A	Henan	Han	202BC-220AD	10.6	1.3	-13.7	1.2	53	[80]
Yanshi	72	A	Henan	Shang	1600–1046	-	-	-7.6	0.8	3	[59]
Yinxu	73	A	Henan	Shang	1250–1046	9.1	1.2	-8.5	1.0	130	[98–100, 104]
Fenggeling	74	A	Shaanxi		500–300	9.1	0.4	-9.2	0.5	4	[65]
Guandao	75	A	Shaanxi	Han	202BC-220AD	10.4	0.3	-10.7	0.8	5	[101]
Guangming	76	A	Shaanxi	Western Han	202BC-8AD	11.0	0.8	-9.8	0.9	7	[101]
Jianhe	77	A	Shaanxi	Warring States	476–221	8.7	0.5	-9.2	0.7	14	[102]
Jichang	78	A	Shaanxi	Eastern Han	8-220AD	9.0	0.9	-12.0	1.2	30	[101]
Lintong	79	A	Shaanxi		300BC-700AD	9.4	1.3	-13.8	3.8	3	[65]
Muzhuzhuliang	80	A	Shaanxi	Longshan/Xia	1900–1700	8.8	0.6	-8.2	1.5	8	[103]
Shimao	81	A	Shaanxi	Longshan/Xia	2100–1600	6.9	0.9	-8.4	0.1	4	[65]
Shigushan	82	A	Shaanxi	Western Zhou	1200–900	9.4		-9.8		1	[104]
Sunjianantou	83	A	Shaanxi	Eastern Zhou	770–221	8.5	1.0	-10.8	1.3	25	[105]
Xinhua	84	A	Shaanxi		2000–1700	8.2	-	-8.7	-	1	[65]
Zhanguo	85	A	Shaanxi		450–350	8.8	-	-14.8	-	1	[65]
Zhouyuan	86	A	Shaanxi	Western Zhou	1200–900	9.8	1.3	-10.9	2.3	9	[104]
Dabaoshan	87	A	In. Mongolia	Warring States	410–180	9.6	0.9	-9.0	1.4	40	[106]
Dashanqian	88	A	In. Mongolia	Upper Xiajiadian	900–200	9.3	0.6	-7.0	0.4	9	[107]
Huhewusu	89	A	In. Mongolia	Western Han	202BC-8AD	9.1	0.6	-9.1	0.7	5	[108]
Jinggouzi	90	A	In. Mongolia	Eastern Zhou	770–221	9.8	0.6	-12.4	0.7	10	[109]
Nalintaohai	91	A	In. Mongolia	Western Han	202BC-8AD	13.3	1.2	-10.0	0.8	7	[110]
Tuoba Xianbei	92	A	In. Mongolia	Tuoba Xianbei	100BC-557AD	10.4	1.3	-11.4	2.8	65	[111]
Xindianzi	93	A	In. Mongolia	Eastern Zhou	770–221	10.3	0.8	-11.5	0.9	20	[112]
Xinglongwa	94	A	In. Mongolia	Lower Xiajiadian	1500–1300	-	-	-4.2	0.9	2	[59]
Xinglongwa III	95	A	In. Mongolia	Lower Xiajiadian	1500–1300	9.8	0.9	-7.0	0.6	9	[43, 59]
Zhukaigou	96	A	In. Mongolia	Zhukaigou	2200–1600	9.0	1.1	-8.2	0.4	2	[65]
Buziping	97	C	Gansu	Qijia	2100–1700	8.1	-	-7.3	-	1	[48]
Buzishan	98	C	Gansu	Qijia	2100–1700	8.3	-	-7.3	-	1	[48]
Ganguai	99	C	Gansu	Siba	1400–900	11.6	0.9	-15.3	1.5	30	[83]
Huoshaogou	100	C	Gansu	Siba	2000–1300	12.0	1.3	-12.0	1.9	30	[83]
Huoshiliang	101	C	Gansu		2135–1690	8.0	2.6	-8.8	0.1	2	[58]
Lianhuatai	102	C	Gansu	Xindian	1500–1000	8.6	0.3	-10.0	0.3	6	[104]
Lixian	103	C	Gansu	Spring and Autumn	750–500	8.8	0.3	-13.1	4.1	3	[62]
Mogou	104	C	Gansu	Qijia/Siwa	1800–1100	10.2	1.2	-13.9	1.5	85	[83, 87]
Mozuizi	105	C	Gansu	Han	202BC-220AD	10.5	0.8	-15.7	1.4	6	[83]
Qijiaping	106	C	Gansu	Qijia	1500–1200	9.8	0.9	-8.9	1.1	42	[111]
Xiahaishi	107	C	Gansu	Qijia	2200–1900	8.6	1.0	-7.5	0.3	13	[48, 104]
Xichengyi	108	C	Gansu	Siba	2000–1000	11.7	2.1	-9.0	0.6	4	[113]
Xishan	109	C	Gansu	Spring and Autumn	770–403	7.9	1.8	-13.4	4.0	41	[85]
Zhanqi	110	C	Gansu	Siwa	1100–900	10.4	0.6	-15.5	1.0	31	[47, 104]
Lajia	111	C	Qinghai	Qijia	2000–1200	10.0	0.2	-7.9	0.4	4	[114]
Lajigai	112	C	Qinghai	Kayue	1400–1000	9.0	0.5	-14.9	1.8	5	[85]
Sanheyi	113	C	Qinghai	Qijia	2000–1800	8.1	1.5	-9.1	0.5	5	[85]
Shangsunjia	114	C	Qinghai	Kayue	1500–600	9.8	1.4	-16.2	1.3	21	[59]
Donghuigou	115	C	Xinjiang	Hongshankou	900–0	13.3	0.6	-18.4	0.4	13	[115]
Duogang	116	C	Xinjiang	Qunbake	900–500	12.6	0.6	-14.5	1.0	39	[116]
Gumugou	117	C	Xinjiang	Xiaohe	c. 1800	14.6	0.6	-18.2	0.2	10	[117, 118]
Heigouliang	118	C	Xinjiang	Western Han	500BC-8AD	12.5	0.6	-18.5	0.4	36	[119, 120]
Qiongkeke	119	C	Xinjiang	Early Iron Age	500–202	12.7	0.4	-16.2	0.2	8	[121]
Kelasu	120	C	Xinjiang	Early Iron Age/Han	500BC-220AD	11.8	0.6	-16.6	0.4	7	[122]
Tianshanbeilu	121	C	Xinjiang	Tianshanbeilu	2000–1300	14.7	0.9	-15.4	1.3	124	[123, 124]
Xiabandi	122	C	Xinjiang	Andronovo	1500–600	12.3	1.0	-18.2	0.8	27	[125]
Yanbulake	123	C	Xinjiang	Early Iron Age	1000–500	-	-	-14.6	1.7	2	[59]
Yanghai	124	C	Xinjiang		1200–100	12.1	1.0	-16.3	1.1	22	[126]
Shenmingpu	125	B	Henan	Warring States/Han	475BC-220AD	8.5	1.1	-14.6	2.2	32	[94]
Boyangcheng	126	B	Anhui	Spring and Autumn	1122–771	10.9	1.0	-18.8	1.5	38	[127]
Jinlianshan	127	B	Yunnan		700	9.8	0.9	-18.8	0.4	9	[128]
Shilinggang	128	B	Yunnan		850–250	10.0	1.0	-18.8	0.7	16	[129]

Summary of published carbon and nitrogen isotope values measured in human bone collagen from sites dating to between 2000 cal BC and 212 cal AD.