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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 4.
Published in final edited form as: Epilepsia. 2018 Jan 12;59(2):345–357. doi: 10.1111/epi.13971

Figure 4. Paradoxical hyperventilation provoked by MCh attenuates with age in Kcna1−/− mice.

Figure 4

In Kcna1−/− mice, exposure to increasing concentrations of nebulized increased (A) respiration rate (f: F (2,203) = 105.5, p < 0.0001), (B) minute ventilation (VE: F (2,203) = 64.3, p < 0.0001), (C) peak inspiratory flow (PIF: F (2,203) = 73.9, p < 0.0001), (D) peak expiratory flow (PEF F (2,203) = 41.2, p < 0.0001) and (E) respiratory drive (VT/Ti: F (2,203) = 31.9, p < 0.0001); and decreased (F) tidal volume (VT: F (2,203) = 22.5, p < 0.0001), (G) inspiratory time (Ti: F (2,203) = 54.8, p < 0.0001) and (H) expiratory time (Te: F (2,203) = 41.3, p < 0.0001), with (I) little effect on specific airway resistance (sRaw: F (2,203) = 5.7, p < 0.005). Significance was determined by two-way ANOVA with repeated measures followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test; n = 5-7, grey * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 indicates P32-36 and P48-56 Kcna1−/− cohorts differ from Kcna1+/+. Red $ p < 0.05, $$ p < 0.01, $$$ p < 0.001, $$$$ p < 0.0001 indicates P48-56 differs from P32-36 Kcan1−/− mice.