Table 1.

Characteristics of members of the family Nairoviridae

Typical member:	Dugbe virus [S segment: AF434161; M segment: M94133; L segment: U15018], species Dugbe orthonairovirus, genus Orthonairovirus.
Virion	Enveloped, spherical virions 80–120 nm in diameter with heterodimer surface spikes
Genome	Three single-stranded, negative-sense RNA molecules, S, M, and L of about 2 kb, about 5 kb, and about 12 kb, respectively
Replication	Cytoplasmic. The nucleocapsid protein (N) encapsidates the genomic RNA forming ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes with the viral RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP)-containing large protein (L). Anti-genomic RNAs are generated and serve as templates for synthesis of nascent RNP complexes containing genomic RNA
Translation	From capped mRNAs that lack poly(A) termini. The 5′-cap structure is derived from cellular mRNAs via cap-snatching
Host range	Birds, humans, rodents, hares, shrews, ruminants, bats, ticks (Orthonairovirus); spider vector (Shaspivirus) or water strider vector (Striwavirus) with unknown host range
Taxonomy	Realm Riboviria, phylum Negarnaviricota, class Ellioviricetes, order Bunyavirales; several genera and >15 species