Table 4.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors related to the mortality
| Univariate |
Multivariate |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| ≥65 (n=93) | 0.62 (0.33–1.19) | 0.151 | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Male (n=193) | 1.37 (0.58–3.25) | 0.469 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| ≥25 (n=80) | 0.81 (0.43–1.53) | 0.524 | ||
| Alcoholics | ||||
| Yes (n=48) | 1.92 (1.01–3.67) | 0.047 | ||
| Smoking PY | ||||
| ≥10 PY (n=104) | 1.06 (0.59–1.90) | 0.839 | ||
| Etiology | ||||
| Viral (n=191) | 0.87 (0.42–1.82) | 0.716 | ||
| AFP (ng/mL) | ||||
| ≥20 (n=121) | 4.5 (2.2–9.13) | <0.001 | 2.09 (0.99–4.45) | 0.055 |
| PLT (103/µL) | ||||
| ≥105 (n=164) | 1.39 (0.71–2.68) | 0.338 | ||
| Albumin (g/dL) | ||||
| ≥3.5 (n=173) | 0.39 (0.22–0.72) | 0.002 | ||
| Myostatin (pg/mL) | ||||
| ≥3,800 (n=119) | 0.57 (0.32–1.04) | 0.065 | ||
| Follistatin (pg/mL) | ||||
| ≥2,100 (n=119) | 3.54 (1.87–6.70) | <0.001 | 2.21 (1.13–4.30) | 0.020 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | ||||
| ≥2.5 (n=116) | 2.04 (1.12–3.74) | 0.021 | ||
| MELD score | ||||
| ≥8 (n=68) | 2.07 (1.14–3.75) | 0.017 | 2.17 (1.17–4.01) | 0.013 |
| ECOG PS | ||||
| 1, 2 (n=85) | 2.78 (1.54–4.99) | 0.001 | 1.54 (0.83–2.88) | 0.174 |
| TNM stage | ||||
| Stage II, III, IV | 13.3 (4.75–37.22) | <0.001 | 9.46 (3.33–26.9) | <0.001 |
| Sarcopenia | ||||
| Yes (n=135) | 2.33 (1.21–4.53) | 0.012 | 2.11 (1.07–4.17) | 0.031 |
| PMI (cm2/m2) | 0.95 (0.78–0.17) | 0.640 | ||
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; PY, pack year; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; PLT, platelet; IL-6, interleukin-6; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status Scale; TNM, tumor-node-metastasis; PMI, psoas muscle index.