Table 2.

Detrimental effect of moderate alcohol intake in NAFLD

Study	Type of study	Patient	Outcome measure	Result
Åberg et al. [5] (2018)	Cohort study	6,732 patients	Liver disease progression, HCC, liver-related death	Alcohol use (HR, 1.002; 95% CI, 1.001–1.002)
				Alcohol was significant even when average alcohol consumption was within the limits currently defining nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Bellentani et al. [23] (2000)	Cross-sectional cohort study	257 patients	Ultrasonography	Risk for steatosis was higher by 2.8-fold (95% CI, 1.4–7.1)
Hézode et al. [21] (2003)	Cohort study	260 patients with chronic hepatitis C	Liver biopsy	The proportion of patients with moderate (F2) or marked (F3) fibrosis or cirrhosis (F4) gradually increased from 29.0% in abstinent patients to 67.6% for an intake between 31 and 50 g/day (P<0.001)
Becker et al. [26] (1996)	Cohort study	13,285 patients	Death certificates and the hospital discharge register	A dose‐dependent increase in relative risk of developing alcohol‐induced liver disease for both men and women, with the steepest increase among women.

NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.