Table 1.
Demographics and Clinical Characteristics in COVID-19–Negative and COVID-19–Positive (Symptomatic and Asymptomatic) Athletes
| COVID-19 Negative Control Athletes (n = 20) | COVID-19 Positive Athletes |
p Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptomatic COVID-19 (n = 38 [70%]) | Asymptomatic COVID-19 (n = 16 [30%]) | |||
| Age, yrs | 20 (19–21) | 19 (19–21) | 19 (18–20) | 0.41 |
| Male | 8 (40) | 30 (79) | 16 (100) | 0.0001∗ |
| Race | 0.007∗ | |||
| White | 14 (70) | 10 (26) | 5 (31) | |
| African American | 4 (20) | 25 (66) | 11 (69) | |
| Others | 2 (10) | 3 (8) | 0 (0) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.92 (21.33–25.70) | 26.1† (24.7–29.5) | 26.6† (24.8–28.3) | 0.005‡ |
| Sports | <0.0001∗ | |||
| Football | 2 (10) | 22 (58) | 13 (81) | |
| Basketball | 0 (0) | 11 (29) | 2 (13) | |
| Volleyball | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | |
| Soccer | 5 (25) | 2 (5) | 0 (0) | |
| Swimming | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (6) | |
| Others | 13 (65) | 2 (5) | 0 (0) | |
| Cardiac symptoms | — | 9 (24) | 1 (6) | 0.13 |
| Vital signs | ||||
| Blood pressure, mm Hg | ||||
| SBP, mm Hg | 119 (114–126) | 130†§ (121–146) | 136† (128–149) | 0.0006‡ |
| DBP, mm Hg | 69 (64–80) | 69.0 (63–80) | 76 (67–81) | 0.41 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 62 (53–70) | 65 (59–71) | 60 (53–67) | 0.31 |
| ECG abnormalities | — | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | — |
| Laboratory testing | ||||
| Troponin-I >30, ng/l (n = 54) | — | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | — |
Values are median (interquartile range) or n (%).
BMI = body mass index; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease-2019; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; ECG = electrocardiographic; SBP = systolic blood pressure.
∗
p < 0.05 using chi-square test.
†
p < 0.05 compared with the control group.
‡
p < 0.05 using Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn-Bonferroni correction.
§
p < 0.05 compared with the asymptomatic group.