Table 2.
Histological findings in stranded cetaceans, which died because of fishery interactions.
| Bycatch | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entanglement | Aggression | Hook ingestion | PUE | Aggression during handling | Returned | Total | ||||||||||
| Skeletal muscle | Acute degenerative changes | No | 1/5 | 20% | 1/4 | 25% | 1/3 | 33% | 0/5 | 0% | 0/6 | 0% | 0/3 | 0% | 1/17 | 6% |
| Mild | 3/5 | 60% | 1/4 | 25% | 1/3 | 33% | 3/5 | 60% | 2/6 | 33% | 3/3 | 100% | 9/17 | 53% | ||
| Moderate | 1/5 | 20% | 2/4 | 50% | 1/3 | 33% | 1/5 | 20% | 3/6 | 50% | 0/3 | 0% | 5/17 | 29% | ||
| Severe | 0/5 | 0% | 0/4 | 0% | 0/3 | 0% | 1/5 | 20% | 1/6 | 17% | 0/3 | 0% | 2/17 | 12% | ||
| Atrophy | 3/5 | 60% | 1/4 | 25% | 0/3 | 0% | 1/5 | 20% | 2/6 | 33% | 0/3 | 0% | 3/17 | 18% | ||
| Hemorrhages | 0/5 | 0% | 1/4 | 25% | 1/3 | 33% | 0/5 | 0% | 4/6 | 67% | 0/3 | 0% | 5/17 | 29% | ||
| Lungs | Alveolar edema | 2/5 | 40% | 4/5 | 80% | 3/3 | 100% | 4/6 | 67% | 4/6 | 67% | 0/2 | 0% | 11/17 | 65% | |
| Emphysema | 3/5 | 60% | 3/5 | 60% | 2/3 | 67% | 5/6 | 83% | 4/6 | 67% | 2/2 | 100% | 13/17 | 76% | ||
| Muscular bronchiolar sphincter contraction | 0/5 | 0% | 4/5 | 80% | 2/3 | 67% | 2/6 | 33% | 2/6 | 33% | 0/2 | 0% | 6/17 | 35% | ||
| Hemorrhages | 1/5 | 20% | 4/5 | 80% | 2/3 | 67% | 4/6 | 67% | 4/6 | 675 | 2/2 | 100% | 12/17 | 71% | ||
| Heart | Acute degenerative changes | No | 0/5 | 0% | 0/4 | 0% | 0/3 | 0% | 1/5 | 20% | 4/6 | 67% | 1/1 | 100% | 6/15 | 40% |
| Mild | 5/5 | 100% | 1/4 | 25% | 1/3 | 33% | 4/5 | 80% | 1/6 | 17% | 0/1 | 0% | 6/15 | 40% | ||
| Moderate | 0/5 | 0% | 0/4 | 0% | 2/3 | 67% | 0/5 | 0% | 1/6 | 17% | 0/1 | 0% | 3/15 | 20% | ||
| Severe | 0/5 | 0% | 0/4 | 0% | 0/3 | 0% | 0/5 | 0% | 0/6 | 0% | 0/1 | 0% | 0/15 | 0% | ||
| Hemorrhages | 2/5 | 40% | 0/4 | 0% | 0/3 | 0% | 0/5 | 0% | 3/6 | 50% | 0/1 | 0% | 3/15 | 20% | ||
| Liver | Intracytoplasmic hyaline globules | 4/5 | 80% | 2/3 | 67% | 2/3 | 67% | 4/4 | 100% | 4/5 | 80% | 1/3 | 33% | 11/15 | 73% | |
| Adrenal glands | Hemorrhages | 4/5 | 80% | 2/4 | 50% | 1/3 | 33% | 2/4 | 50% | 1/6 | 17% | 1/3 | 33% | 5/16 | 31% | |
| Blood vessels | Leukocytosis | 4/5 | 80% | 3/5 | 60% | 3/3 | 100% | 5/6 | 83% | 5/6 | 83% | 2/3 | 67% | 15/18 | 83% | |
| Intravascular coagulation | 2/5 | 40% | 0/5 | 0% | 1/3 | 33% | 1/6 | 17% | 5/6 | 83% | 0/3 | 0% | 7/18 | 39% | ||
| Intravascular clear spaces | 5/5 | 100% | 5/5 | 100% | 3/3 | 100% | 6/6 | 100% | 5/6 | 83% | 3/3 | 100% | 17/18 | 94% | ||
| Reproductive system | Gonadal maturity | Mature | 2/5 | 40% | 3/5 | 60% | 3/3 | 100% | 2/6 | 33% | 5/6 | 83% | 1/3 | 33% | 11/18 | 61% |
| Immature | 3/5 | 60% | 2/5 | 40% | 0/3 | 0% | 4/6 | 67% | 1/6 | 17% | 2/3 | 67% | 7/18 | 39% | ||
| Kidney | Membranous glomerulonephritis | 0/5 | 0% | 2/5 | 40% | 1/3 | 33% | 1/6 | 17% | 1/6 | 17% | 0/3 | 0% | 3/18 | 17% | |
| Hyaline cast | 1/5 | 20% | 0/5 | 0% | 2/3 | 67% | 1/6 | 17% | 2/6 | 33% | 0/3 | 0% | 5/18 | 28% | ||
| Pigmentary tubulonephrosis | 0/5 | 0% | 1/5 | 20% | 0/3 | 0% | 2/6 | 33% | 1/6 | 17% | 1/3 | 33% | 4/18 | 22% | ||
| Hemorrhages | 2/5 | 40% | 0/5 | 0% | 0/3 | 0% | 0/6 | 0% | 1/6 | 17% | 0/3 | 0% | 1/18 | 6% | ||
| Brain | Perivascular edema | 1/4 | 20% | 3/4 | 75% | 1/3 | 33% | 1/6 | 17% | 2/6 | 33% | 1/3 | 33% | 5/18 | 28% | |
| Hemorrhages | 2/4 | 50% | 1/4 | 25% | 2/3 | 67% | 2/6 | 33% | 3/6 | 50% | 1/3 | 33% | 8/18 | 44% | ||
| Meningitis/encephalitis | 1/4 | 25% | 1/4 | 25% | 0/3 | 0% | 0/6 | 0% | 0/6 | 0% | 1/3 | 33% | 1/18 | 6% | ||
| Perivascular cuffs | 0/4 | 0% | 2/4 | 50% | 0/3 | 0% | 1/6 | 17% | 3/6 | 50% | 0/3 | 0% | 4/18 | 22% | ||
| Glial nodules | 3/4 | 75% | 0/4 | 0% | 1/3 | 33% | 1/6 | 17% | 2/6 | 33% | 0/3 | 0% | 4/18 | 22% | ||
For cases with decomposition codes 1–3 (n = 28), histological findings in the skeletal and cardiac muscle, lungs, liver, kidneys, adrenal glands, blood vessels, and brain, were detailed and compared, as well as findings of gonad maturation (M, mature; I, immature) upon the availability of samples.
The color values correspond to the percentage of a finding or a pathologic feature within each group of studied animals (bycatch, fisherman aggression and chronic entanglement).