TABLE 1.
Demographic data.
| Bipolar Disorder | Healthy Control | p-Value | |
| Sample size | 192 | 173 | |
| Age | 37.16 ± 12.197 | 35.65 ± 8.934 | 0.1831 |
| Sex | 0.0007* | ||
| Male (%) | 62 (32.3) | 87 (50.3) | |
| Female (%) | 130 (67.7) | 86 (49.7) | |
| Duration | 12.45 ± 9.163 | ||
| YMRS | 3.41 ± 4.429 | ||
| MADRS | 12.07 ± 10.830 | ||
| Medication | |||
| Atypical antipsychotics (%) | 97 (50.5) | ||
| Antidepressants (%) | 65 (33.9) | ||
| Mood stabilizers (%) | 129 (62.5) | ||
| Suicide (%) | 47 (24.5) | ||
| Bipolar I Disorder | Healthy Control | p-Value | |
| Sample size | 103 | 85 | |
| Age | 37.87 ± 11.885 | 36.53 ± 3.893 | 0.1831 |
| Sex | 0.1011 | ||
| Male (%) | 41 (39.8) | 44 (51.8) | |
| Female (%) | 62 (60.2) | 41 (48.2) | |
| Bipolar II Disorder | Healthy Control | p-Value | |
| Sample size | 89 | 85 | |
| Age | 36.85 ± 11.986 | 36.53 ± 3.893 | 0.8123 |
| Sex | 0.0001* | ||
| Male (%) | 21 (23.6) | 44 (51.8) | |
| Female (%) | 68 (76.4) | 41 (48.2) | |
YMRS, young mania rating scale; MADRS, Montgomery–Åsberg depression rating scale. *p < 0.05.