Table 4.

Studies regarding the high dissection and selective ligation technique published since 2013.

Study	Country (year)	Patient number	Tumor location	Description of the technique	Comparison
(37)	Japan (2013)	155	Middle and low rectum	LCA preserving	Operative outcome, complications, OS RFS
(42)	Japan (2014)	120	Sigmoid colon and RS colon, T3	Low ligations with preservation of the LCA	Operative outcome, OS, DFS
(35)	Japan (2015)	49	Rectum	Low-ligation of IMA	Defecatory function, QoL, leakage rate, LN harvested
(43)	Japan (2016)	147	Sigmoid colon and rectum	Low tie with lymph node dissection	OS, DFS, complications
(44)	Japan (2018)	142	Sigmoid colon and upper rectum	IMA preservation	Operative outcome, LN harvested, OS, DFS
Present study	Taiwan (2020)	113	Sigmoid colon and rectum	High dissection and selective ligation technique	Operative outcomes, complications, pathologic outcomes, OS, DFS

LCA, left colic artery; OS, overall survival; DFS, disease free survival; RS, rectosigmoid; IMA, inferior mesenteric artery; QoL, quality of life; LN, lymph node.