Safranin O/fast green staining and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in cartilage samples from controls and patients with OA. (a) X-rays of hip joints and Safranin O/fast green staining of control and OA cartilage samples. Scale bar = 100 nm. (b) The relative mRNA expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13 in control and OA cartilage tissues. (c) The protein expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13 in control and OA cartilage tissues. (d) Immunohistochemical staining of cartilage tissues from OA and control patients for MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13. (e) Percentages of MMP-1-, MMP-3-, and MMP-13-positive cells in control and OA cartilage samples. N = 3, ∗P < 0.05, and ∗∗P < 0.01. Scale bar = 50 μm.