Table 1.

Temperature and wildlife count in the three areas covered by the study.

Characteristics	HC (n = 40) (range)	NSCLBP (n = 68) (range)	p value
Male/female (n)†	14/26	21/47	0.659
Age (years)	28.725 ± 7.633 (20–54)	30.102 ± 8.974 (20–56)	0.439
BMI (Kg/m2)	20.696 ± 2.344 (16.61–24.98)	21.678 ± 3.035 (17.26–33.50)	0.084
Weight (Kg)	57.273 ± 9.781 (40–80)	58.710 ± 9.465 (42–89)	0.407
Height (m)	1.659 ± 0.087 (1.50–1.83)	1.645 ± 0.075 (1.50–1.80)	0.377
Education length (years)	17.100 ± 1.864 (9–21)	17.735 ± 2.063 (11–23)	0.138
Pain duration (months)	N/A	38.544 ± 41.609 (3–192)	N/A
VAS (0–10 cm)	N/A	5.793 ± 1.334 (2–8.5)	N/A
ODI (0–100) (%)	N/A	14.412 ± 7.026 (0–32)	N/A
PCS (0–52)	N/A	12.544 ± 8.519 (0–34)	N/A
PCS_H (0–20)	N/A	3.353 ± 2.986 (0–14)	N/A
PCS_M (0–20)	N/A	5.279 ± 3.648 (0–13)	N/A
PCS_R (0–44)	N/A	10.427 ± 7.388 (0–31)	N/A
SFMPQ (0–45)	N/A	9.000 ± 4.333 (2–25)	N/A
SFMPQ_A (0–12)	N/A	3.585 ± 2.228 (0–9)	N/A
SFMPQ_S (0–33)	N/A	5.485 ± 3.059 (2–16)	N/A

BMI: body mass index, HC: healthy control, NSCLBP: nonspecific chronic low back pain, ODI: Oswestry Disability Index, PCS: Pain Catastrophizing Scale, PCS_H: helplessness subscale of Pain Catastrophizing Scale, PCS_M: magnification subscale of Pain Catastrophizing Scale, PCS_R: rumination subscale of Pain Catastrophizing Scale, SFMPQ: Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, SFMPQ_A: affective subscale in Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, SFMPQ_S: sensory subscale in Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, SFMPQ: Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, VAS: Visual Analogue Scale, and N/A: not applicable. Data was represented as mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise indicated. †Chi-square.