Table 1.

Demographic data, preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables, and outcomes of duodenal perforation. Association of aetiological factors with outcome variables.

	N	Aetiology variables
		Ulcer (%)	ERCP (%)	Postsurgery (%)	Trauma (%)	P value
Total Patients	55	25 (46 %)	15 (27%)	11 (20%)	4 (7.3%)
Age (years)
Mean	52.3	56.8	51	51.1	33	0.185
Range	16–81	25–75	29–81	23–69	16–48
Male	38 (69.1%)	18 (72)	6 (40)	10 (90)	4 (100)	0.016
Female	17 (30.9%)	7 (28)	9 (60)	1 (10)	0
Indication for ERCP	Choledocholithiasis	11 (73%)
	Benign biliary stricture	3 (20%)
	Malignancy	1 (7%)
Inadvertent injury during surgery	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy	4 (36%)
	Right hemicolectomy	2 (18%)
	Pancreatic necrosectomy	2 (18%)
	Right nephrectomy	2 (18%)
	Enterocutaneous (jejunal) fistula	1 (9.1%)
Duration to surgery (days)
Mean	4.62	3.8	4.4	6.5	5.2	0.156
Range	0–20	1–12	0–20	0–20	1–13
Preoperative organ failure
Yes	23 (41.8)	11 (44)	7 (46)	2 (18)	2 (50)	0.320
No	32 (58.2)	14 (56)	8 (54)	9 (82)	2 (50)
BOEY score
	0 (3.6%)	1 (4%)	1 (6.6%)	0	0
	1 (38%)	7 (28%)	7 (47%)	5 (46%)	2 (50%)
	2 (42%)	12 (48%)	5 (33%)	4 (36%)	2 (50%)
	3 (5.4%)	5 (20%)	2 (13.3%)	1 (9%)	0
Surgery
Repair	18 (33%)
Repair + diversion	28 (51%)
Diversion	6 (11%)
Resection	3 (5.4%)
Location
D1	27 (49)	23 (92)	0	2 (18)	2 (50)
D2	28 (51)	2 (8)	15 (100)	9 (82)	2 (50)
Hospital stay (days)
Mean	17
Range	0–70
ICU stay (days)		0.049
Mean	5.9
Range	0–28
Leak		0.001
Yes	11 (20%)
No	44 (80%)
Re- exploration		0.037
Yes	5 (9.1%)
No	50 (90%)
Drainage duration (days)		0.001
Mean	12.11
Range	0–70
Complications		0.8
Clavien–Dindo III, IV	12 (22%)
Clavien–Dindo I, II	22 (40%)
Mortality		0.47
Yes	21 (38%)
No	34 (62%)