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. 2020 Oct 12;48(19):10726–10738. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkaa854

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© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 3. — The thermodynamics of DNA duplex formation and hairpin closing in crowded environments. (A, D) The melting temperature of the 8-mer duplex (A) and hairpin (D) as a function of crowder radius r_c under different crowding volume fractions ϕ. (B, E): The free-energy difference between the unbound and the fully-formed duplex (B) and the fully-formed hairpin stem (E). (C, F): The free-energy profile of duplex formation (C) and hairpin stem formation (F) at 37°C. The insets show the profiles around 0 and 6 or 8 bonds. In (A) and (D), the crowder-free case (blue) is shown alongside finite values of ϕ and r_c.