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. 2020 Oct 12;48(19):10726–10738. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkaa854

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© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 9. — DNA strand displacement reaction in a crowded environment. (A–D) A snapshot of a typical configuration of the system crossing different interfaces: the contact of the toehold region, the first bond formation in the toehold region, the toehold region fully paired, and finally the full displacement of the incumbent strand. (E) The free-energy profile versus inter-strand base pair formation between the invader strand and the substrate strand. (F) The overall reaction rate of strand displacement under different excluded volume fraction with crowder radius of 1.70 nm