Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population
| Variables | FWR patients (n = 40) | VSR patients (n = 15) | PMR patients (n = 6) | HR patients (n = 61) | Non-HR patients (n = 600) | P value (HR vs Non-HR) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 76.59 ± 5.48 | 74.36 ± 4.24 | 74.18 ± 5.02 | 75.56 ± 5.12 | 66.18 ± 6.63 | < 0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 16 (40) | 7 (46.67) | 3 (50) | 26 (42.62) | 427 (71.17) | < 0.001 |
| HT, n (%) | 27 (67.5) | 9 (60) | 3 (50) | 39 (63.93) | 420 (70) | 0.571 |
| DM, n (%) | 9 (22.5) | 4 (26.67) | 2 (33.33) | 15 (24.59) | 145 (24.17) | 0.433 |
| CHF, n (%) | 2 (5) | 1 (6.67) | 1 (16.67) | 4 (6.56) | 25 (4.17) | 0.81 |
| History of MI, n (%) | 3 (7.5) | 3 (20) | 1 (16.67) | 7 (11.48) | 65 (10.83) | 0.917 |
| History of CAD, n (%) | 6 (15) | 4 (26.67) | 2 (33.33) | 12 (19.67) | 115 (19.17) | 0.743 |
| History of PCI, n (%) | 3 (7.5) | 2 (13.33) | 1 (16.67) | 6 (9.84) | 83 (13.83) | 0.383 |
| History of CABG, n (%) | 1 (2.5) | 1 (6.67) | 0 (0) | 2 (3.28) | 13 (2.17) | 0.419 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 21 (52.5) | 8 (53.33) | 3 (50) | 32 (52.46) | 352 (58.67) | 0.518 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.72 ± 3.14 | 23.44 ± 3.38 | 23.37 ± 3.04 | 23.51 ± 3.2 | 26.36 ± 3.43 | < 0.001 |
| Time from symptom onset to admission (h) | 22 (8,68) | 72 (12,160) | 18 (4,50) | 26 (9.8,94) | 22 (8,98) | 0.021 |
| STEMI, n (%) | 31 (77.5) | 11 (73.33) | 4 (66.67) | 46 (75.41) | 391 (65.17) | 0.079 |
| Anterior MI, n (%) | 20 (50) | 7 (46.67) | 2 (33.33) | 29 (47.54) | 306 (51) | 0.702 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 95.66 ± 16.72 | 104.21 ± 19.15 | 98.81 ± 20.04 | 99.33 ± 19.47 | 74.82 ± 16.2 | < 0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 114.47 ± 22.54 | 109.23 ± 21.24 | 109.7320.94 | 111.03 ± 24.1 | 127.17 ± 23.08 | 0.045 |
| KILLIP class | ||||||
| KILLIP I, n (%) | 8 (20) | 1 (6.67) | 0 (0) | 9 (16.36) | 338 (56.33) | < 0.001 |
| KILLIP II, n (%) | 20 (50) | 9 (60) | 2 (33.33) | 31 (50.82) | 201 (33.5) | < 0.001 |
| KILLIP III, n (%) | 6 (15) | 3 (20) | 3 (50) | 12 (19.67) | 35 (5.83) | 0.002 |
| KILLIP IV, n (%) | 6 (15) | 2 (13.3) | 1 (16.67) | 9 (14.75) | 26 (4.33) | 0.025 |
| β-RB within 24 h, n (%) | 12 (30) | 6 (40) | 2 (33.33) | 20 (32.79) | 303 (50.5) | 0.071 |
| ACEI/ARB within 24 h, n (%) | 3 (7.5) | 1 (6.67) | 1 (16.67) | 5 (8.2) | 71 (11.83) | 0.314 |
| ESR, mm/h | 24.28 ± 18.78 | 43.71 ± 29.7 | 37.4 ± 22.71 | 31.14 ± 23.48 | 12.15 ± 13.02 | 0.012 |
| HBA1C, % | 6.53 ± 1.01 | 6.39 ± 1.26 | 6.47 ± 1.11 | 6.44 ± 1.1 | 6.36 ± 0.98 | 0.102 |
| BNP (pg/ml) | 538.3 ± 304.63 | 1025.48 ± 406.22 | 849.06 ± 392.8 | 772.33 ± 368.09 | 274.78 ± 146.53 | < 0.001 |
| WBC, *109/L | 12.23 ± 4.79 | 11.64 ± 4.23 | 12.01 ± 4.49 | 12.11 ± 4.62 | 9.66 ± 3.27 | < 0.001 |
| RBC, *1012/L | 4.06 ± 0.48 | 3.92 ± 0.51 | 3.99 ± 0.44 | 4.01 ± 0.39 | 4.36 ± 0.52 | 0.008 |
| Hb, g/L | 123.88 ± 14.19 | 120.43 ± 17.15 | 119.19 ± 16.2 | 121.47 ± 15.88 | 132.48 ± 17.49 | 0.007 |
| D-dimer, mg/L FEU | 1.39 ± 1.41 | 1.89 ± 1.46 | 1.37 ± 1.5 | 1.44 ± 1.33 | 1.11 ± 2.29 | 0.119 |
| CK-MB, ng/ml | 59.1 (11.74, 158.55) | 34.7 (6.41, 132.2) | 42.21 (5.29, 139.66) | 48.18 (7.25, 151.77) | 19.54 (4.07, 79.41) | 0.009 |
| CTnI, ng/ml | 32.55 (6.71, 59.7) | 8.49 (5.47, 31.86) | 11.23 (4.78, 36.7) | 22.61 (6.17, 44.42) | 9.18 (2.73, 38.22) | 0.014 |
| LDL, mmol/L | 2.5 ± 0.95 | 2.72 ± 0.81 | 2.52 ± 0.82 | 2.55 ± 0.95 | 2.57 ± 0.88 | 0.933 |
| SCR, umol/L | 100.48 ± 51.82 | 118.63 ± 44.29 | 104.22 ± 48.9 | 104.4 ± 48.7 | 91.4 ± 50.6 | 0.217 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 69.01 ± 30.18 | 53.23 ± 21.42 | 62.31 ± 26.4 | 62.89 ± 25.3 | 82.37 ± 31.1 | 0.001 |
| SUA, umol/L | 329.8 ± 75.42 | 384.73 ± 97.18 | 352.41 ± 79.3 | 346.39 ± 85.75 | 337.1 ± 97.28 | 0.525 |
| ABO | ||||||
| A, n (%) | 21 (52.5) | 6 (40) | 3 (50) | 30 (49.18) | 213 (35.5) | 0.012 |
| B, n (%) | 11 (27.5) | 5 (33.33) | 2 (33.33) | 18 (29.51) | 227 (37.83) | 0.213 |
| O, n (%) | 6 (15) | 3 (20) | 1 (16.67) | 10 (16.39) | 116 (19.33) | 0.775 |
| AB, n (%) | 2 (5) | 1 (6.67) | 0 (0) | 3 (4.92) | 44 (7.33) | 0.841 |
| LVEDd, mm | 48.3 ± 9.49 | 49.2 ± 7.08 | 48.41 ± 7.48 | 48.55 ± 8.91 | 48.36 ± 5.1 | 0.803 |
| LVESd, mm | 38.27 ± 10.16 | 36.76 ± 8.24 | 37.01 ± 8.79 | 37.47 ± 9.7 | 35.76 ± 7.12 | 0.389 |
| LVEF (%) | 48.12 ± 9.29 | 48.15 ± 10.57 | 47.78 ± 8.82 | 48.14 ± 10.28 | 58.19 ± 9.92 | < 0.001 |
| GRACE RS | 197.29 ± 39.41 | 211.22 ± 40.19 | 201.4 ± 38.52 | 200.12 ± 41.73 | 161 ± 31.5 | < 0.001 |
| Primary PCI treatment, n (%) | 14 (35) | 4 (26.67) | 3 (50) | 21 (34.43) | 416 (69.33) | < 0.001 |
| In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 38 (95) | 10 (66.67) | 2 (33.33) | 50 (81.97) | 25 (4.17) | < 0.001 |
Data are number (%), mean (SD), or median (IQR)
FWR, free wall rupture; VSR, ventricular septal rupture; PMR, papillary muscle rupture; HT, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; CHF, chronic heart failure; TIA, transient ischemic attack; MI, myocardial infarction; CAD, coronary artery disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; SBP, systolic blood pressure; β-RB, β-receptor blocker; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, agiotensin Receptor Blocker; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HBA1C. glycosylated hemoglobin; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; WBC, white blood cell; RBC, red blood cell; Hb, haemoglobin; CK-MB, creatine kinase MB; CTnI, cardiac troponin I; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SCR, serum creatinine; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; SUA, serum uric acid; LVEDd, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVESd, left ventricular end- systolic dimension; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; GRACE RS, The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events risk score; pPCI, primary percutaneous coronary intervention