Table 2.
Frequency of Childhood Adversity Items
| Total T4 sample (N=347) | Maltreated (n=219) | Comparison (n=128) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
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| N or Mean | % or SD | Mean upset rating (only those endorsing item) | Mean upset rating (all participants) | Mean age at 1st incident | N or Mean | % or SD | Mean upset rating (only those endorsing item) | Mean upset rating (all participants) | Mean age at 1st incident | N or Mean | % or SD | Mean upset rating (only those endorsing item) | Mean upset rating (all participants) | Mean age at 1st incident | |
| Household Dysfunction | |||||||||||||||
| Divorce | 50 | 14 | 4.04 (1.07) | .59 (1.49) | 9.04 (4.46) | 39 | 18 | 4.10 (1.10) | .75 (1.65) | 8.83 (4.33) | 11 | 9 | 3.82 (.98) | .33 (1.10) | 9.82 (5.06) |
| Parental incarceration | 13 | 4 | 4.00 (1.34) | .14 (.77) | 8.00 (2.41) | 11 | 5 | 4.30 (1.25) | .20 (.93) | 8.00 (2.62) | 2 | 2 | 2.50 (.70) | .04 (.31) | 8.00 (1.41) |
| Witnessing IPV | 133 | 38 | 3.94 (1.22) | 1.51 (2.06) | 8.88 (4.08) | 94 | 43 | 3.97 (1.24) | 1.70 (2.13) | 8.53 (3.98) | 39 | 30 | 3.87 (1.17) | 1.18 (1.90) | 9.72 (4.24) |
| Household member substance use | 99 | 29 | 3.89 (1.36) | 1.11 (1.90) | 6.87 (4.35) | 80 | 36 | 3.95 (1.37) | 1.44 (2.07) | 6.55 (4.04) | 19 | 15 | 3.63 (1.34) | .54 (1.39) | 8.21 (5.40) |
| Death of parenta | 16 | 5 | 5.00 (0.00) | .23 (1.05) | 9.19 (4.84) | 13 | 6 | 5.00 (0.00) | .30 (1.18) | 10.31 (4.67) | 3 | 0 | 5.00 (0.00) | .12 (.75) | 4.33 (1.15) |
| Foster care or parental separationa | 49 | 14 | 3.53 (1.68) | .50 (1.38) | 9.73 (4.11) | 41 | 19 | 3.78 (1.57) | .71 (1.62) | 8.90 (3.78) | 8 | 6 | 2.25 (1.75)a | .14 (.68) | 14.00 (3.11)a |
| Household dysfunction total | 1.03 | 1.06 | na | na | na | 1.26 | 1.13 | na | na | 0.64 | 0.79 | na | na | ||
| Maltreatment | |||||||||||||||
| Sexual abuse | 68 | 20 | 4.63 (0.87) | .91 (1.87) | 10.17 (4.08) | 56 | 26 | 4.75 (0.66) | 1.21 (2.10) | 9.70 (3.66) | 12 | 9 | 4.08 (1.24)a | .38 (1.24) | 12.25 (5.29)a |
| Physical abuse | 108 | 31 | 4.37 (1.05) | 1.36 (2.11) | 8.08 (3.92) | 83 | 38 | 4.52 (0.91) | 1.71 (2.26) | 8.15 (3.85) | 25 | 20 | 3.88 (1.33) | .76 (1.64) | 7.88 (4.23) |
| Physical neglect | 136 | 39 | 3.88 (1.30) | 1.52 (2.06) | 10.16 (4.72) | 118 | 53 | 3.94 (1.33) | 2.12 (2.19) | 9.85 (4.56) | 18 | 14 | 3.50 (1.04) | .49 (1.28) | 12.14 (5.40)a |
| Emotional neglect | 138 | 40 | 4.09 (1.18) | 1.61 (2.10) | 11.64 (4.52) | 99 | 45 | 4.12 (1.16) | 1.86 (2.19) | 11.03 (4.41) | 39 | 30 | 3.82 (1.09) | 1.16 (1.86) | 13.21 (4.45)a |
| Emotional abuse | 127 | 37 | 4.04 (1.14) | 1.50 (2.10) | 11.11 (4.13) | 92 | 42 | 4.26 (1.14) | 1.79 (2.23) | 10.64 (4.28) | 35 | 27 | 3.66 (1.18)a | 1.00 (1.74) | 12.34 (3.47)a |
| Maltreatment total | 1.66 | 1.61 | na | na | na | 2.04 | 1.66 | na | na | na | 1.00 | 1.28 | na | na | na |
| ACES total (11 items) | 2.45 | 2.23 | na | na | na | 2.99 | 2.35 | na | na | na | 1.54 | 1.65 | na | na | na |
Note: N and percent shown for individual items and mean and standard deviation (SD) shown for the total scores.
a
indicates significant group differences for age at 1st occurrence at p<05. Upset rating: 1–2=not at all, a little upsetting; 3–5=moderately, very, extremely upsetting. Upset rating for only those endorsing item excluded those with no score. Upset rating with all participants re-coded those with no score into zero. ANCOVA used to compare mean upset rating and age at 1st incident between maltreated and comparison groups, controlling for age, race, and gender. IPV=intimate partner violence.