FIGURE 1.

Fur represses biofilm formation by Vibrio cholerae. Biofilm EPS production and biofilm adherence to abiotic surfaces were measured by rugose colony morphology (A), intensity of crystal violet staining (B), and photomicrographs of SEM (C). I, II, and III represent WT/pBAD24, Δfur/pBAD24, and Δfur/pBAD24-fur, respectively. Pictures presented in panels (A,C) were representative of three independent experiments with three replicates each. The asterisk (*) represents P < 0.01, which was determined by a two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc.